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Prevalence of hyperuricemia among Chinese adults: a national cross-sectional survey using multistage, stratified sampling

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Abstract

Background

Hyperuricemia is a non-communicable disease that threatens human health, and its prevalence has been increasing in recent decades. However, there have been no national surveys about hyperuricemia performed in China. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its risk factors in Chinese adults.

Methods

Using data from 36,348 participants aged 18 years and older from the China National Survey of Chronic Kidney Disease (a nationwide cross-sectional survey with a randomized, multistage, stratified sampling strategy), we investigated the prevalence of hyperuricemia. Male subjects with serum uric acid ≥416.0 μmol/l (7.0 mg/dl) and female subjects with ≥357.0 μmol/l (6.0 mg/dl) were diagnosed with hyperuricemia. The prevalence of hyperuricemia was calculated, and the factors associated with hyperuricemia were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results

The adjusted prevalence of hyperuricemia among Chinese adults in 2009–2010 was 8.4 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 8.0–8.8 %], and it was 9.9 % (9.2–10.6 %) in men and 7.0 % (6.5–7.5 %) in women. The prevalence was much higher among urban than rural residents (14.9 vs. 6.6 %, p < 0.01). Areas with high per capita gross domestic product (GDP) levels had higher prevalence of hyperuricemia. In the multivariate regression model, the estimated glomerular filtration rate was inversely associated with hyperuricemia. Alcohol consumption, body mass index and serum triglyceride levels were positively correlated with hyperuricemia. Other factors independently correlated with hyperuricemia were age, sex, education level, area of residence, and economic development. In order to demonstrate the discriminatory power for hyperuricemia of the risk factors all together, we calculated the probabilities by logistic regression analysis, which represented the combined effects of these risk factors. Then, receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to demonstrate the value of the probabilities for hyperuricemia diagnosis. Finally, ROC curve analysis revealed the area under the curve was 0.746 (95 % CI 0.739–0.754), statistically significant for the association with hyperuricemia of these risk factors considered all together (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Hyperuricemia is prevalent in the economically developed areas of China. Our report indicates the feasibility of studying the influence that economic changes have on the prevalence of hyperuricemia.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program from the Ministry of Science and Technology (China; 2007BAI04B10); the Department of Health in Jiangsu Province (H200936); the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai (08dz1900502 and 07JC14037); the Natural Science Funds of Ning Xia (NZ08102); the Science and Technology Department of National Natural Science Funds (30660069); the National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Key Scientific and Technology Project from the Sichuan Science and Technology Department (05SG1635); the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities from the Ministry of Education (China; BMU2009131); the International Society of Nephrology Research Committee; and the China Health and Medical Development Foundation. We thank Haiyan Wang of the Peking University Institute of Nephrology for her contribution to the statistical analyses and her constructive comments on the report.

Conflict of interest

The authors of the manuscript declare no conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Nephrology, Zhong Da Hospital, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China

    Hong Liu, Xiao-Min Zhang, Yan-Li Wang & Bi-Cheng Liu

Authors
  1. Hong Liu
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  2. Xiao-Min Zhang
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  3. Yan-Li Wang
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  4. Bi-Cheng Liu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Bi-Cheng Liu.

Additional information

H. Liu and X.-M. Zhang contributed equally to this work.

On behalf of China National Survey Collaborative Group of Chronic Kidney Disease.

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Liu, H., Zhang, XM., Wang, YL. et al. Prevalence of hyperuricemia among Chinese adults: a national cross-sectional survey using multistage, stratified sampling. J Nephrol 27, 653–658 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-014-0082-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40620-014-0082-z

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