Abstract
The present study has been carried out to analyse the effect of the laser shock peening (LSP) with the absence of a coating on titanium alloy (Grade 5—Ti6Al4V) and to establish the best set of LSP parameters for enhanced surface characteristics. Ti6Al4V which has excellent mechanical properties is penned using Nd:YAG pulsed laser with 2D XY translation with water as confinement medium. Power density (3, 6, 9 GW/cm2), wavelength (532, 1064 nm) and overlap (60%, 70%) are the three process parameters considered to perform laser shock peening without coating (LSPwC). Surface roughness is increased with raise in wavelength and as well as other parameters too. Even though hardness is increased in both wavelengths, enhanced hardness is caused with 1064 nm wavelength. An adequate amount of compressive stress is induced with 3 GW/cm2 at 50 μm depth. The rate of corrosion is dropped in samples LSPwC with 532 nm compared with 1064 nm wavelength due to its low surface roughness and surface oxide layer which holds the fluctuation of current density with respect to potential. SEM observation showed pits on the surface of samples peened with a 1064 nm wavelength. And this surface pitting is correlated with the fall of charge transfer resistance in such samples.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nalla RK, Altenberger I, Noster U et al (2003) On the influence of mechanical surface treatments-deep rolling and laser shock peening-on the fatigue behavior of Ti–6Al–4V at ambient and elevated temperatures. Mater Sci Eng A 355:216–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(03)00069-8
Altenberger I, Nalla RK, Sano Y et al (2012) On the effect of deep-rolling and laser peening on the stress-controlled low and high cycle fatigue behavior of Ti–6Al–4V at elevated temperatures up to 550°C. Int J Fatigue 44:292–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfatigue.2012.03.008
Maximov JT, Duncheva GV, Anchev AP et al (2018) Effect of slide burnishing method on the surface integrity of AISI 316Ti chromium–nickel steel. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-018-1135-3
Xie L, Wen Y, Zhan K et al (2016) Characterization on surface mechanical properties of Ti–6Al–4V after shot peening. J Alloys Compd 666:65–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.01.119
Sun Q, Han Q, Liu X et al (2017) The effect of surface contamination on corrosion performance of ultrasonic shot peened 7150 Al alloy. Surf Coat Technol 328:469–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.08.028
Liu J, Suslov S, Li S et al (2017) Effects of ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification on the thermal oxidation behavior of Ti6Al4V. Surf Coat Technol 325:289–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.04.051
Guo W, Sun R, Song B et al (2018) Laser shock peening of laser additive manufactured Ti6Al4V titanium alloy. Surf Coat Technol 349:503–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.06.020
Singh A, Harimkar SP (2012) Laser surface engineering of magnesium alloys: a review. JOM 64:716–733. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-012-0340-2
Maleki MH, Abbasi S, Vaezzade M, Asgari A (2014) Improving anti-reflectivity and laser damage threshold of SiO2/ZrO2 thin films by laser shock peening at 1064 nm. Opt Quantum Electron 46:1149–1155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-013-9846-2
Zabeen S, Langer K, Fitzpatrick ME (2018) Effect of alloy temper on surface modification of aluminium 2624 by laser shock peening. Surf Coat Technol 347:123–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.04.069
Siddaiah A, Mao B, Liao Y, Menezes PL (2018) Surface characterization and tribological performance of laser shock peened steel surfaces. Surf Coat Technol 351:188–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2018.07.087
Porro JA, Ocaña JL, Grum J (2012) Laser shock peening without absorbent coating (LSPwC) effect on 3D surface topography and mechanical properties of 6082-T651 Al alloy. Surf Coat Technol 208:109–116
Cao Z, Xu H, Zou S, Che Z (2012) Investigation of surface integrity on TC17 titanium alloy treated by square-spot laser shock peening. Chin J Aeronaut 25:650–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1000-9361(11)60429-9
Petan L, Ocaña JL, Grum J (2016) Effects of laser shock peening on the surface integrity of 18% Ni maraging steel. Stroj Vestnik/J Mech Eng 62:262–270. https://doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2015.3305
Trdan U, Grum J (2015) Investigation of corrosion behaviour of aluminium alloy subjected to laser shock peening without a protective coating. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2015:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/705306
Dai F, Zhou J, Lu J, Luo X (2016) A technique to decrease surface roughness in overlapping laser shock peening. Appl Surf Sci 370:501–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2016.02.138
Sealy MP, Guo YB (2010) Surface integrity and process mechanics of laser shock peening of novel biodegradable magnesium–calcium (Mg–Ca) alloy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 3:488–496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.05.003
Kumar D, Nadeem Akhtar S, Kumar Patel A et al (2015) Tribological performance of laser peened Ti–6Al–4V. Wear 322–323:203–217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wear.2014.11.016
Gujba A, Hackel L, Medraj M (2016) Water droplet erosion performance of laser shock peened Ti–6Al–4V. Metals (Basel) 6:262. https://doi.org/10.3390/met6110262
Gomez-Rosas G, Rubio-Gonzalez C, Ocaña JL et al (2010) Laser shock processing of 6061-T6 Al alloy with 1064 nm and 532 nm wavelengths. Appl Surf Sci 256:5828–5831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2010.03.043
Umapathi A, Swaroop S (2016) Residual stress distribution in a laser peened Ti–2.5Cu alloy. Surf Coat Technol 307:38–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.08.053
Kalainathan S, Prabhakaran S (2016) Recent development and future perspectives of low energy laser shock peening. Opt Laser Technol 81:137–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.02.007
Rozmus-Górnikowska M (2010) Surface modifications of a Ti6Al4V alloy by a laser shock processing. Acta Phys Pol A 117:808–811. https://doi.org/10.12693/APhysPolA.117.808
Juanito Gabriela, Morsch Carolina, Benfatti César, Fredel Márcio, Ricardo Magini JS (2015) Effect of fluoride and bleaching agents on the degradation of titanium: literature review. Dentistry 5:1–6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-1122.100027
Tian YS, Chen CZ, Wang DY, Lei TQ (2005) Laser surface modification of titanium alloys—a review. Surf Rev Lett 12:123–130
Sathyajith S, Kalainathan S, Swaroop S (2013) Laser peening without coating on aluminum alloy Al-6061-T6 using low energy Nd:YAG laser. Opt Laser Technol 45:389–394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.06.019
Ge M, Xiang J, Yang L, Wang JT (2017) Effect of laser shock peening on the stress corrosion cracking of AZ31B magnesium alloy in a simulated body fluid. Surf Coat Technol 310:157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.093
Dai FZ, Geng J, Tan WS et al (2018) Friction and wear on laser textured Ti6Al4V surface subjected to laser shock peening with contacting foil. Opt Laser Technol 103:142–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2017.12.044
Smith PR, Shepard MJ, Prevéy PS III, Clauer AH (1999) Effect of power density and pulse repetition on laser shock peening of Ti–6AI–4V. J Mater Eng Perform 9:33–37
Sundar R, Kumar H, Kaul R et al (2012) Studies on laser peening using different sacrificial coatings. Surf Eng 28:564–568. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743294412Y.0000000029
Jain Y, Varin S, Prabhakaran S, Kalainathan S (2017) Influence of multiple laser shock peening without coating on Ti–6Al–4V alloy for aircraft applications. Mech Mater Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.2412/mmse.65.57.424
Xie L, Wen Y, Wang L et al (2016) Characterization on surface properties of Ti–6Al–4V after multiple shot peening treatments. J Eng Mater Technol 138:041005. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4033577
Cao ZW, Gong SL, Gao Y (2013) Characterization of TC17 titanium alloy treated by square-spot laser shock peening. Adv Mater Res 652–654:2378–2383. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.652-654.2378
Amanov A, Pyun YS (2017) Local heat treatment with and without ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification of Ti–6Al–4V alloy: mechanical and tribological properties. Surf Coat Technol 326:343–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.07.064
Umapathi A, Swaroop S (2017) Wavelength dependent deformation in a laser peened Ti–2.5Cu alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 684:344–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2016.12.073
Berthe L, Fabbro R, Peyre P et al (1997) Shock waves from a water-confined laser-generated plasma. J Appl Phys 82:2826–2832. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.366113
Rubio-González C, Gomez-Rosas G, Ocaña JL et al (2006) Effect of an absorbent overlay on the residual stress field induced by laser shock processing on aluminum samples. Appl Surf Sci 252:6201–6205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.08.062
Chen H, Kysar JW, Yao YL (2004) characterization of plastic deformation induced by microscale laser shock peening. J Appl Mech 71:713. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1782914
Hughes H (1967) X-ray techniques for residual stress measurement. Strain 3:26–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1305.1967.tb00885.x
Munuera C, Matzelle TR, Kruse N et al (2007) Surface elastic properties of Ti alloys modified for medical implants: a force spectroscopy study. Acta Biomater 3:113–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2006.08.009
Montross CS, Wei T, Ye L et al (2002) Laser shock processing and its effects on microstructure and properties of metal alloys: a review. Int J Fatigue 24:1021–1036. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0142-1123(02)00022-1
Huang S, Zhu Y, Guo W et al (2017) Impact toughness and microstructural response of Ti-17 titanium alloy subjected to laser shock peening. Surf Coat Technol 327:32–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.07.045
Wu J, Zou S, Zhang Y et al (2017) Microstructures and mechanical properties of β forging Ti17 alloy under combined laser shock processing and shot peening. Surf Coat Technol 328:283–291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.08.069
Tong Z, Ren X, Ren Y et al (2018) Effect of laser shock peening on microstructure and hot corrosion of TC11 alloy. Surf Coat Technol 335:32–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2017.12.003
Revathi A, Magesh S, Balla VK et al (2016) Current advances in enhancement of wear and corrosion resistance of titanium alloys—a review. Mater Technol 31:696–704. https://doi.org/10.1080/10667857.2016.1212780
Lu JZ, Han B, Cui CY et al (2017) Electrochemical and pitting corrosion resistance of AISI 4145 steel subjected to massive laser shock peening treatment with different coverage layers. Opt Laser Technol 88:250–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2016.09.025
Ning C, Zhang G, Yang Y, Zhang W (2018) Effect of laser shock peening on electrochemical corrosion resistance of IN718 superalloy. Appl Opt 57:2467–2473. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.57.002467
Shahba RMA, Ghannem WA, El-shenawy AE (2011) Corrosion and inhibition of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy in NaCl solution. Int J Electrochem Sci 6:5499–5509
Mendoza-Canales J, Marín-Cruz J (2008) Corrosion behavior of titanium and nickel-based alloys in HCl and HCl + H2S environments. Int J Electrochem Sci 3:346–355
Hoseinpour Gollo M, Ameli Kalkhoran SN (2017) Experimental study on mechanical and chemical behaviors of bi-layer Fe/Al sheet after laser forming. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 39:1623–1632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-016-0536-4
Khan MA, Sultan Q, Tariq F (2017) Effect of pitting corrosion on similar and dissimilar alloy welded joints. J Braz Soc Mech Sci Eng 39:4037–4044. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-017-0834-5
Karthik D, Swaroop S (2017) Laser shock peening enhanced corrosion properties in a nickel based Inconel 600 superalloy. J Alloys Compd 694:1309–1319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.10.093
Hu P, Song R, Li X et al (2017) Influence of concentrations of chloride ions on electrochemical corrosion behavior of titanium–zirconium–molybdenum alloy. J Alloys Compd 708:367–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.03.025
Lu JZ, Wu LJ, Sun GF et al (2017) Microstructural response and grain refinement mechanism of commercially pure titanium subjected to multiple laser shock peening impacts. Acta Mater 127:252–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.01.050
Karthik D, Arul Xavier Stango S, Vijayalakshmi U, Swaroop S (2016) Electrochemical behavior of laser shock peened Inconel 625 superalloy. Surf Coat Technol 311:46–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2016.12.105
Karthik D, Swaroop S (2017) Effect of laser peening on electrochemical properties of titanium stabilized 321 steel. Mater Chem Phys 193:147–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.02.022
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Technical Editor: Márcio Bacci da Silva, Ph.D.
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ranjith Kumar, G., Rajyalakshmi, G., Swaroop, S. et al. Laser shock peening wavelength conditions for enhancing corrosion behaviour of titanium alloy in chloride environment. J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng. 41, 129 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1633-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-019-1633-y