Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Putative factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation: an epidemiological study

  • Original Scientific Article
  • Published:
European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Aim

The aim of the study was to examine the aetiological factors involved in the development of molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH).

Methods

The study population comprised 4,049 children (2,029 girls, 2020 boys) aged 7–12 years. Children were examined for MIH in the school environment. Putative aetiological factors were evaluated using a questionnaire sent to children’s families. The questionnaire included questions on prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal systemic conditions. Multivariate analysis was performed using multiple logistic regression, and Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to evaluate nominal or ordinal variables with Fisher’s exact test used in cases of small sample sizes. A level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

MIH was observed in 7.7 % of the study population. A total of 3,827 completed questionnaires were returned, yielding a response rate of 95.3 %. MIH was found to be associated with prematurity (7 %), gastrointestinal problems (3.9 %), pneumonia (6.3 %), frequent fever (26.1 %), measles (14.7 %), and chickenpox (29.3 %) before age 4 years.

Statistics

Prevalence did not vary significantly between girls and boys (p > 0.05). Prematurity, gastrointestinal problems, pneumonia, frequent high fever, measles, and chickenpox before age 4 years were found to be significantly related with MIH (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

The aetiology of MIH is not clear yet, and the results of this study support the results of previous studies regarding the putative causal effect of several factors.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aine L, Backstrom MC, Maki R et al. Enamel defects in primary and permanent teeth of children born prematurely. J Oral Pathol Med. 2000;29:403–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alaluusua S, Lukinmaa PL, Koskimies M et al. Developmental dental defects associated with long breast feeding. Eur J Oral Sci. 1996;104:493–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alaluusua S. Aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralisation: a systematic review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2010;11:53–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balmer RC, Laskey D, Mahoney E, Toumba KJ. Prevalence of enamel defects and MIH in non-fluoridated and fluoridated communities. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2005;6:209–12.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Beentjez VE, Weerheijm KL, Groen HJ. Factors involved in the etiology of molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2002;3:9–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chawla N, Messer LB, Silva M. Clinical studies on molar-incisor-hypomineralisation part 1: distribution and putative associations. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2008;9:180–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cho SY, Ki Y, Chu V. Molar incisor hypomineralization in Hong Kong Chinese children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008;18:348–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Commission on Oral Health, Research and Epidemiology. A review of the developmental defects of enamel index (DDE Index). Report of an FDI working group. Int Dent J. 1992;42:411–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Crombie F, Manton D, Kilpatrick N. Aetiology of molar incisor hypomineralization: a critical review. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2009;19:73–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ekanayake L, van der Hoek W. Prevalence and distribution of enamel defects and dental caries in a region with different concentrations of fluoride in drinking water in Sri Lanka. Int Dent J. 2003;53:243–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Freden H, Gronvik M. Prenatal urinary infection and materialization of permanent teeth. Tandlakartidninpen. 1980;72:1382–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ghanim AM, Morgan MV, Marino RJ, Bailey DL, Manton DJ. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation: prevalence and defect characteristics in Iraqi children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2011;21:413–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghanim AM, Morgan MV, Marino RJ, Bailey DL, Manton DJ. Risk factors of hypomineralized second primary molars in a group of Iraqi schoolchildren. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2012;13:111–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Heijs SC, Dietz W, Noren JG, Blanksma NG, Jalevik B. Morphology and chemical composition of dentin in permanent first molars with the diagnose MIH. Swed Dent J. 2007;31:155–64.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jalevik B, Noren JG. Enamel hypomineralization of permanent first molars: a morphological study and survey of possible aetiological factors. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2000;10:278–89.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jalevik B, Noren GJ, Klingberg G, Barregard L. Etiologic factors influencing the prevalence of demarcated opacities in permanent first molars in a group of Swedish children. Eur J Oral Sci. 2001;109:230–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jalevik B, Klingberg GA. Dental treatment, dental fear and behavior management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002;12:24–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jasulaityte L, Veerkamp JS, Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralization: review and prevalence data from the study of primary schoolchildren in Kaunas/Lithuania. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2007;8:87–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kotsanos N, Kaklamanos EG, Arapostathis K. Treatment management of first permanent molars in children with molar-incisor hypomineralization. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2005;12:179–84.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuscu OO, Caglar E, Sandalli N. The prevalence and aetiology of molar-incisor hypomineralisation in a group of children in Istanbul. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2008;9:139–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laisi S, Ess A, Sahlberg C et al. Amoxicillin may cause molar incisor hypomineralization. J Dent Res. 2009;88:132–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lygidakis NA, Dimou G, Marinou D. Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). A retrospective clinical study in Greek children. II. Possible medical aetiological factors. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2008;9:207–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Midodzi WK, Rowe BH, Majaesic CM, Saunders LD, Senthilselvan A. Early life factors associated with incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma in preschool children: results from the Canadian Early Childhood Development Cohort study. J Asthma. 2010;47:7–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nikiforuk G, Fraser D. The etiology of enamel hypoplasia: a unifying concept. J Paediatr. 1981;98:888–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Seow WK. A study of the development of the permanent dentition in very low birth weight children. Pediatr Dent. 1996;18:379–84.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith CE. Cellular and chemical events during enamel maturation. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 1998;9:128–61.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Soviero V, Haubek D, Trindade C, Da Matta T, Poulsen S. Prevalence and distribution of demarcated opacities and their sequelae in permanent 1st molars and incisors in 7 to 13-year-old Brazilian children. Acta Odontol Scand. 2009;67:170–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Souza JF, Costa-Silva CM, Jeremias F et al. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: possible aetiological factors in children from urban and rural areas. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2012;13:164–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suga S. Enamel hypomineralization viewed from the pattern of progressive mineralization of human and monkey developing enamel. Adv Dent Res. 1989;3:188–98.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tapias-Ledesma MA, Jimenez R, Lamas F et al. Factors associated with first molar dental enamel defects: a multivariate epidemiological approach. J Dent Child 2003; 70: 215–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tung K, Fujita H, Yamashita Y, Takagi Y. Effect of turpentine induced fever during the enamel formation of rat incisor. Arch Oral Biol. 2006;51:464–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • van Amerongen WE, Kreulen CM. Cheese molars: a pilot study of the etiology of hypocalcifications in first permanent molars. J Dent Child. 1995;62:266–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weerheijm KL, Jalevik B, Alaluusua S. Molar-incisor hypomineralisation. Caries Res. 2001;35:390–1.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003;4:114–20.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weerheijm KL, Duggal M, Mejare I et al. Judgment criteria for molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens, 2003. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003;4:110–3.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Whatling R, Fearne JM. Molar incisor hypomineralization: a study of aetiological factors in a group of UK children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2008;18:155–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yamaguti PM, Arana-Chavez VE, Acevedo AC. Changes in amelogenesis in the rat incisor following short-term hypocalcaemia. Arch Oral Biol. 2005;50:185–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zawaideh FI, Al-Jundi SH, Al-Jaljoli MH. Molar incisor hypomineralisation in Jordanian children and clinical characteristics. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2011;12:31–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank Mr. Ahmet Gül for performing the statistical analysis.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey

    H. Sönmez, G. Yıldırım & T. Bezgin

  2. Pedodonti Anabilim Dalı Besevler, Ankara Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi, 06500, Ankara, Turkey

    H. Sönmez

Authors
  1. H. Sönmez
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. G. Yıldırım
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. T. Bezgin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to H. Sönmez.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sönmez, H., Yıldırım, G. & Bezgin, T. Putative factors associated with molar incisor hypomineralisation: an epidemiological study. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 14, 375–380 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-013-0012-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40368-013-0012-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation