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How to Apply European and American Guidelines on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. A Position Paper Endorsed by the Italian Society of Hypertension and the Italian Society of Pediatrics

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Abstract

Children are defined as hypertensive when their blood pressure values equal or exceed the 95th percentile of the blood pressure value distribution in a pediatric population, according to gender, age and height. The population on which reference tables are based is of fundamental importance to establish the threshold values for the diagnosis of hypertension in pediatric age. Before 2017, both American and European guidelines used nomograms created in the same reference population which included children of all weight classes. Given the close and well-known association between hypertension and excess weight in childhood, the 2017 American guidelines proposed new reference nomograms excluding subjects with overweight and obesity from the “historical” reference population. Furthermore, the new American guidelines suggested a fixed cut-off of 130/80 mmHg, starting from 13 years and regardless of gender and height, to make the diagnosis of hypertension. In this document, the Italian Hypertension Society (SIIA) and the Italian Pediatric Society (SIP) jointly discuss a number of issues raised by the new American guidelines that involve the entire medical community, and also address the definition of arterial hypertension in the transition phase between childhood and adulthood.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, Monza, 20900, Milan, MB, Italy

    Simonetta Genovesi & Gianfranco Parati

  2. Cardiology Unit, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy

    Simonetta Genovesi & Gianfranco Parati

  3. ATS Milan, Milan, Italy

    Marco Giussani

  4. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy

    Gianni Bona

  5. Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Cristiano Fava

  6. Department of Surgery, Dentistry, Paediatrics and Gynaecology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

    Claudio Maffeis

  7. Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

    Claudio Ferri

  8. Arterial hypertension unit Pediatric Cardiology and cardiac Surgery Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Rome, Italy

    Ugo Giordano

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  1. Simonetta Genovesi
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  2. Gianfranco Parati
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Correspondence to Simonetta Genovesi.

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Genovesi, S., Parati, G., Giussani, M. et al. How to Apply European and American Guidelines on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. A Position Paper Endorsed by the Italian Society of Hypertension and the Italian Society of Pediatrics. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 27, 183–193 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00369-y

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