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Current Progress in Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Aims and scope

Abstract

Background:

Tendon and ligament injuries accounted for 30% of all musculoskeletal consultations with 4 million new incidences worldwide each year and thus imposed a significant burden to the society and the economy. Damaged tendon and ligament can severely affect the normal body movement and might lead to many complications if not treated promptly and adequately. Current conventional treatment through surgical repair and tissue graft are ineffective with a high rate of recurrence.

Methods:

In this review, we first discussed the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of tendon and ligament injuries and its current treatment. Secondly, we explored the current role of tendon and ligament tissue engineering, describing its recent advances. After that, we also described stem cell and cell secreted product approaches in tendon and ligament injuries. Lastly, we examined the role of the bioreactor and mechanical loading in in vitro maturation of engineered tendon and ligament.

Results:

Tissue engineering offers various alternative ways of treatment from biological tissue constructs to stem cell therapy and cell secreted products. Bioreactor with mechanical stimulation is instrumental in preparing mature engineered tendon and ligament substitutes in vitro.

Conclusions:

Tissue engineering showed great promise in replacing the damaged tendon and ligament. However, more study is needed to develop ideal engineered tendon and ligament.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by research grants from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (FF-2017-368) and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (GGPM-2017-050).

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All the authors participate in drafting the article and revising it critically for important intellectual content. All the authors give final approval of the version to be published.

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  1. Tissue Engineering Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Wei Lee Lim, Min Hwei Ng, Shiplu Roy Chowdhury & Jia Xian Law

  2. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, JalanYaacob Latif, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Ling Ling Liau

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Lim, W.L., Liau, L.L., Ng, M.H. et al. Current Progress in Tendon and Ligament Tissue Engineering. Tissue Eng Regen Med 16, 549–571 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-019-00196-w

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