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Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies against Podocyte Damage in Diabetic Nephropathy

  • Review Article
  • Published:
Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Aims and scope

Abstract

Injury to podocytes is an early event in diabetic nephropathy leading to proteinuria with possible progression to end-stage renal failure. The podocytes are unique and highly specialized cells that cover the outer layer of kidney ultra-filtration barrier and play an important role in glomerular function. In the past few decades, adult stem cells, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a regenerative and differentiative capacity have been extensively used in cell-based therapies. In addition to their capability for regeneration and differentiation, MSCs contributes to their milieu by paracrine action of a series of growth factors via antiapoptotic, mitogenic and other cytokine actions that actively participate in treatment of podocyte damage through prevention of podocyte effacement, detachment and apoptosis. It is hoped that novel stem cell-based therapies will be developed in the future to prevent podocyte injury, thereby reducing the burden of kidney disease.

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Abbreviations

AD-MSCs:

Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Ang II:

Angiotensin II

ASCs:

Adult stem cells

bFGF:

Basic fibroblast growth factor

BM-MSCs:

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

BMP-7:

Bone morphogenetic protein-7

DN:

Diabetic nephropathy

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

ERK:

Extracellular signal-regulated kinase

ESCs:

Embryonic stem cells

FGF2:

Fibroblast growth factor 2

FM-MSCs:

Fetal membranes mesenchymal stem cells

GBM:

Glomerular basement membrane

GDNF:

Glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

IGF-I:

Insulin-like Growth Factor-I

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1 beta

IL-6:

Interleukin-6

iPSCs:

Induced pluripotent stem cells

JNK:c:

Jun amino-terminal kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

PKC-α:

Protein kinase C-alpha

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SCs:

Stem cells

TGF-β R′:

Transforming growth factor beta receptor

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor beta

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

UC-MSCs:

Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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    1. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

      Manizheh Khalilpourfarshbafi, Kesavanarayanan Krishnan Selvarajan & Aishah Adam

    2. Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

      Fatemeh Hajiaghaalipour

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    Khalilpourfarshbafi, M., Hajiaghaalipour, F., Selvarajan, K.K. et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies against Podocyte Damage in Diabetic Nephropathy. Tissue Eng Regen Med 14, 201–210 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13770-017-0026-5

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