Abstract
In the last few decades, rapid industrialization and urbanization have commenced along with the increase in the rate of population. The rate of construction activities has increased extensively to meet the demand of inhabitants where concrete can play a significant role. In this regard, cement is an essential ingredient of concrete and needs a substantial quantity of energy and raw material for its production. The present study focuses on integrating rice straw ash (RSA), a by-product of the open-field burning of rice straw, as a substitution material for cement in concrete. Since the study highlighted the pozzolanic behavior of RSA as identified by characterization techniques, thus, RSA has been incorporated at different proportions (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) to examine its influence on mechanical and durability characteristics after 7, 28 and 56 days of curing. Further, analytical assessments such as mathematical analysis of mechanical and durability properties, cost analysis and global warming potential for each concrete mix have also been carried out for the practical viability of RSA-based concrete. The results of this study revealed that an 8% substitution of RSA provides a better-optimized performance and can be considered for construction activities.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, [M Patel], upon reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- RSA:
-
Rice straw ash
- OPC:
-
Ordinary Portland cement
- w/c ratio:
-
Water–cement ratio
- PM:
-
Particulate matter
- GHGs:
-
Greenhouse gasses
- SCMs:
-
Supplementary cementitious materials
- CTM:
-
Compression testing machine
- RCP:
-
Rapid chloride penetration
- ISA:
-
Initial surface absorption
- CS:
-
Capillary suction
- XRF:
-
X-ray fluorescence
- SEM:
-
Scanning electron microscopy
- EDX:
-
Energy-dispersive X-ray
- XRD:
-
X-ray diffraction
- FWHM:
-
Full width at half maximum
- TGA:
-
Thermal gravimetric analysis
- FTIR:
-
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- GWP:
-
Global warming potential
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Neeraj Bhanot (Scientist, CSIR–National Physical Laboratory, India) and Prof. Bimlesh Kumar (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, India) for providing their guidance and insights which helped us in improving the quality of the research work.
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RS contributed to investigation, resources, data curation and visualization, writing–original draft, and MP contributed to conceptualization, methodology, resources, data curation and visualization, writing, review and editing.
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Singh, R., Patel, M. Strength and durability performance of rice straw ash-based concrete: an approach for the valorization of agriculture waste. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 9995–10012 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04554-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04554-5