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Thermal analysis of Fe3O4/water nanofluid in spiral and serpentine mini channels by using experimental and theoretical models

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Abstract

Heat transfer methods in small scales have been studied widely to enhance the thermal efficiency and performance of heat sinks in the field of cooling electronic devices. In this study, a comprehensive numerical investigation was conducted to evaluate thermal performance of block heat sinks for cooling electronic processors by using Nanofluid. Two different blocks including spiral and serpentine blocks were designed and tested under various working conditions using Nanofluid Fe3O4/water with a volume concentration of 0.2% and obtained results were compared to water in the term of heat transfer rate and efficiency. As one of the main aims of this study, thermophysical properties of under evaluation nanofluid were analyzed using experimental data and theoretical equation and subsequently obtained heat transfer results for all cases were discussed. ANSYS-Fluent software was utilized as a CFD method to solve the problem and perform analysis from simulation.

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Abbreviations

A:

Surface area (m2)

\(c_{p}\) :

Specific heat capacity of liquid (J/kg K)

D :

Diameter (m)

\(k\) :

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

\(\dot{m}\) :

Mass flow rate (kg/s)

L :

Length (m)

\(Nu\) :

Nusselt number (\(Nu = \frac{hd}{k})\)

PEC:

Performance evaluation criteria

f :

Friction factor

\(\dot{Q}_{ }\) :

Heat flow rate (W)

\(\dot{q}\) :

Heat flux (W/m2)

Re :

Reynolds number (\(Re = \frac{{\rho vd_{ } }}{\mu }\))

T :

Temperature (K)

V :

Velocity (m/s)

h :

Heat transfer coefficient (W/m2 K)

P :

Pressure (Pa)

\(\dot{V}_{ }\) :

Volume flow (m3/s

\(\mu\) :

Dynamic viscosity (kg/m s)

\(\rho\) :

Density of liquid (kg/m3)

ø:

Volume fraction

f :

Friction factor

W:

Water

in:

Inlet

out:

Outlet

bf:

Base fluid

nf:

Nanofluid

p:

Particle

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Acknowledgements

This present CFD simulation work was carried out in line with the joint project supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK, Project No. 119N727) and University of Tabriz and Iran Ministry of Science, Research and Technology (MSRT, Project No. 99-24-800). The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the project.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey

    F. Afshari

  2. Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey

    B. Muratçobanoğlu

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  1. F. Afshari
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  2. B. Muratçobanoğlu
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Correspondence to F. Afshari.

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Editorial responsibility: Q. Aguilar-Virgen.

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Afshari, F., Muratçobanoğlu, B. Thermal analysis of Fe3O4/water nanofluid in spiral and serpentine mini channels by using experimental and theoretical models. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 2037–2052 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04119-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04119-6

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