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Comparison of heavy metals in urban soil and dust in cities of China: characteristics and health risks

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Abstract

To determine the similarities and differences in heavy metal characteristics in urban soil and dust, we collected heavy metal data for soil and dust samples from 34 cities in China reported in peer-reviewed articles. The results showed that the mean Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn concentrations in urban street dust were generally higher than those in urban soil. The mean Igeo values of heavy metals in urban soil followed the order of: Cd (1.07) > Zn (0.31) > Pb (0.25) > Cu (0.05), while that in urban dust was: Cd (2.50) > Zn (1.39) > Pb (1.17) > Cu (0.98). The development of metal processing and smelting industries, manufacturing, and the relocation of heavily polluting enterprises were the main reasons for the high metal concentrations in some cities. The heavy metal concentrations in urban soil were uncorrelated to those in urban dust, because the heavy metal concentrations in soil mainly reflected the long-term impact of urban pollution, while the concentrations in dust were associated with short-term emissions in the urban area. In most cities, the non-carcinogenic risk of heavy metals in urban soil and dust for children was largely at a safe level. Lead was the major contributor to the total health risk presented by heavy metals in urban soil and dust. More attention should be given to heavy metal contamination in urban soil and dust in cities with heavy industry and traffic.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41771532).

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41771532).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Y. He, C. Peng, Y. Zhang, Z. Guo, X. Xiao & L. Kong

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  1. Y. He
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  2. C. Peng
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  3. Y. Zhang
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  4. Z. Guo
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  5. X. Xiao
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  6. L. Kong
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Contributions

YH contributed to data collection, methodology, data analysis, writing—original draft. CP contributed to conceptualization, writing review and editing, supervision, validation, project administration. ZG contributed to funding acquisition, resources, validation. YZ, XX, and Linglan Kong contributed to data collection and validation.

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Correspondence to C. Peng.

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The authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary information file.

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Editorial responsibility: Zhenyao Shen.

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He, Y., Peng, C., Zhang, Y. et al. Comparison of heavy metals in urban soil and dust in cities of China: characteristics and health risks. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 20, 2247–2258 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04051-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-022-04051-9

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