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Bioremoval of cadmium by co-cultivated bacterial strains, Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus subtilis, in a pilot-scale phyto- and rhizoremediation approach

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Abstract

Cadmium is a highly toxic environmental pollutant that is known to show lethal effects on the macro- and microorganisms. The current study is aimed at the isolation and screening of cadmium-resistant bacteria from contaminated soil samples collected from the rhizosphere region wet land paddy fields near Katpadi, Vellore. Cadmium concentration in the rhizosphere soil samples was estimated by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and was found to be 2.59 mg/kg. A total of four morphologically distinct bacterial colonies were isolated and named VITATJM1, VITATJM2, VITATJM3 and VITATJM4. Maximum tolerable concentration (MTC) studies were also performed to establish the maximum concentration of Cd at which the bacteria can survive. The cultures were able to tolerate a maximum cadmium concentration of up to 500 ppm. PGPR tests such as ammonia production, phosphate solubilization, hydrogen cyanide (HCN) production and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were performed, and cultures VITATJM1 and VITATJM4 were found to be strongly effective. Similarly, isolates were also capable of forming biofilms. Pot culture studies were performed using Pennisetum purpureum plants, with different concentrations of cadmium in combination with bacterial culture (VITATJM1 and VITATJM4) for 30 days. From the current study, it can be concluded that application of P. purpureum augmented with bacteria in the rhizosphere could be an effective strategy for the removal of cadmium.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the VIT management for providing us with the opportunity to conduct our project and also for supporting us with the infrastructure and other facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India

    A. S. Viji, B. T. Antony, M. S. Wagh & W. J. Osborne

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  1. A. S. Viji
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  2. B. T. Antony
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  3. M. S. Wagh
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  4. W. J. Osborne
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Contributions

W.J.O. was the guide for this set work. A.S.V and B.T.A. performed the experiments, prepared the materials and worked on essential screening of the strain. M.S.W. helped to frame the work and perform the pot culture experiments. A.S.V., B.T.A. and M.S.W interpreted the results and wrote the manuscript. W.J.O edited and corrected the manuscript.

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Correspondence to W. J. Osborne.

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Editorial responsibility: Tanmoy Karak.

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Viji, A.S., Antony, B.T., Wagh, M.S. et al. Bioremoval of cadmium by co-cultivated bacterial strains, Bacillus paramycoides and Bacillus subtilis, in a pilot-scale phyto- and rhizoremediation approach. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 19, 7565–7574 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03540-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03540-7

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