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Fabrication of PVA/agar/modified ZSM-5 zeolite membrane for removal of anionic dye from aqueous solution

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Abstract

This work reports the fabrication of a novel polyvinyl alcohol/agar/ZSM-5 zeolite membrane for the removal of Congo red from aqueous streams. The membranes were characterized by microscopic techniques (scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM)), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), universal testing machine (UTM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and contact angle analysis. Successful incorporation of zeolite in membrane was confirmed by XRD and SEM analysis. FT-IR data confirmed the physicochemical interaction between the polymer and the zeolite particles. Thermal and mechanical stability of the membrane was confirmed by TGA and UTM analysis. Contact angle and swelling measurements indicate that zeolite plays a key role in controlling the hydrophilicity of the membrane. The influence of operational parameter (zeolite content, initial concentration of Congo red, contact time, pH, ionic strength and temperature) on the adsorption process was summarized. The results showed that under the optimal conditions (zeolite content: 5 wt%; initial CR concentration: 10 ppm, temperature: 30 °C and pH 3) the membrane exhibits high adsorption capacity (qe). Adsorption kinetics results indicate that adsorption follow pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption isotherm examination demonstrates that adsorption process could be described in well manner by Freundlich isotherm model. The inhibitory effect of membrane on the growth of Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) bacteria was confirmed by agar disk diffusion test. The adsorption–desorption analysis indicates that the membrane possesses good regeneration capacity. Thus, PVA/agar/ZSM-5 zeolite membrane could be potentially useful as an adsorbent for Congo red from water.

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Acknowledgement

The work was financially support by the King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok (KMUTNB), Thailand Post-Doctoral (KMUTNB-63-Post-03 to SR) and (Grant No. KMUTNB-64-KNOW-001, KMUTNB-BasicR-64-16) and the authors would like to thank to Centre of Innovation in Design and Engineering for Manufacturing (CoI- DEM), KMUTNB, Thailand for giving permission to use the instrumental facilities.

Funding

(Grant No. KMUTNB-63-Post-01 to SR) and (Grant No. KMUTNB-64-KNOW-001, KMUTNB-BasicR-64-16). The article we have submitted to the journal for review is original, has been written by the stated authors and has not been published elsewhere. The images that we have submitted to the journal for review are original, and have not been published elsewhere. This manuscript has not been submitted to, nor is under review at, another journal or other publishing venue. The authors have no affiliation with any organization with a direct or indirect financial interest in the subject matter discussed in the manuscript.

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  1. Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, The Sirindhorn International Thai-German Graduate School of Engineering (TGGS), King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, 1518 Wongsawang Road, Bangsue, Bangkok, 10800, Thailand

    R. Sabarish, P. Jyotishkumar & S. Suchart

  2. Government Women’s Polytechnic College, Calicut, Kerala, India

    K. Jasila

  3. School of Biosciences, Mahatma Gandhi University, P.D. Hills (P.O.), Kottayam, Kerala, 686560, India

    J. Aswathy

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  1. R. Sabarish
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Correspondence to R. Sabarish.

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Sabarish, R., Jasila, K., Aswathy, J. et al. Fabrication of PVA/agar/modified ZSM-5 zeolite membrane for removal of anionic dye from aqueous solution. Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 18, 2571–2586 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02998-1

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