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Genetic differentiation in Pinus brutia Ten. using molecular markers and quantitative traits: the role of altitude

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Abstract

Context

Turkish red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) is widespread in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. In the late 1970s, four common gardens were established along steep altitudinal transects extending from the coast to about 1,200 m in the Taurus Mountains (Antalya, Turkey).

Aims

The aim was to study the role of altitude in shaping Turkish red pine genetic diversity and population structure as well as to evaluate the existence of local adaptation along altitudinal gradients in this species.

Methods

Genetic diversity and population structure were evaluated in replicated altitudinal gradients using chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) markers. Genetic differentiation for neutral markers was compared with quantitative differentiation for growth traits for the same populations evaluated at different altitudes.

Results

Genetic differentiation among altitudinal groups was higher than among transects. A high portion of the genetic variance corresponded to families within populations (up to 10.75%). Overall quantitative genetic differentiation (Q ST) was higher than molecular differentiation in most test sites for all the traits and ages considered.

Conclusion

Turkish red pine shows signatures of local adaptation to environmental gradients related to altitude. For forestry practices, such as selection of seed sources, both altitude and the family level of variation need to be considered.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Akdeniz University Scientific Research Projects Unit (project no. 2008.03.0121.006) and projects from the European Union (EVOLTREE Network of Excellence, http://www.evoltree.eu) and the Spanish Ministry of Environment (CC03-048 and AEG06-054). The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)—BIDEB/BDP program granted a research scholarship to Yusuf KURT while studying at CIFOR-INIA. Thanks are also extended to P.C. Grant, science editor.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Akdeniz University, 07058, Antalya, Turkey

    Yusuf Kurt & Kani Isik

  2. Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, CIFOR-INIA, P.O. Box 8111, 28080, Madrid, Spain

    Yusuf Kurt, Santiago C. González-Martínez & Ricardo Alía

Authors
  1. Yusuf Kurt
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  2. Santiago C. González-Martínez
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  3. Ricardo Alía
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  4. Kani Isik
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kani Isik.

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Handling Editor: Luc Paques

Contribution of co-authors

YK produced the molecular data, did data analyses, and wrote the paper; SCG-M contributed to the molecular data analyses and revised the paper; RA produced the quantitative genetics estimates; KI established the test sites, provided the raw quantitative data and revised the paper.

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Kurt, Y., González-Martínez, S.C., Alía, R. et al. Genetic differentiation in Pinus brutia Ten. using molecular markers and quantitative traits: the role of altitude. Annals of Forest Science 69, 345–351 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0169-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0169-9

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