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Walnut (Juglans spp.) ecophysiology in response to environmental stresses and potential acclimation to climate change

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Abstract

• Context

Walnuts (Juglans spp.) are ecologically and commercially important trees, yet synthesis of past and current research findings on walnut ecophysiology is lacking, especially in terms of potential acclimation to climate change.

• Aims

This study aims to (1) investigate walnut ecophysiology by comparing its attributes to associated deciduous angiosperms, (2) address potential acclimation of walnut to climate change, and (3) identify areas for prioritization in future research.

• Results

There is considerable uncertainty regarding the magnitude of potential effects of climate change on walnut. Some studies tend to indicate walnut could be negatively impacted by climate change, while others do not. Walnut may be at a disadvantage due to its susceptibility to drought and frost injury in current growing regions given the projected increases in temperature and extreme climatic events. Other regions that are currently considered cold for walnut growth may see increased establishment and growth depending upon the rate of temperature increase and the frequency and severity of extreme climatic events.

• Conclusion

Research investigating a combination of environmental factors, such as temperature, carbon dioxide, ozone, water, and nitrogen is needed to (1) better project climate change effects on walnut and (2) develop management strategies for walnut acclimation and adaptation to climate change.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Drs. J.A. Kershaw, Jr., Richard Meilan, and Phillip E. Pope for their comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. We appreciate comments and suggestions from the reviewers that helped improve the quality and synthesis of the manuscript.

Funding

The Frederick M. van Eck Foundation of the Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center and the Department of Forestry and Natural Resources at Purdue University provided financial support.

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  1. Martin-Michel Gauthier

    Present address: Direction de la recherche forestière, Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune du Québec, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, Québec, G1P 3W8, Canada

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 715 W State St, West Lafayette, IN, 47907-2061, USA

    Martin-Michel Gauthier & Douglass F. Jacobs

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  1. Martin-Michel Gauthier
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  2. Douglass F. Jacobs
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Correspondence to Douglass F. Jacobs.

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Handling Editor: Erwin Dreyer

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Gauthier, MM., Jacobs, D.F. Walnut (Juglans spp.) ecophysiology in response to environmental stresses and potential acclimation to climate change. Annals of Forest Science 68, 1277–1290 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0135-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0135-6

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