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Organ-specific metastasis of breast cancer: molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying lung metastasis

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Abstract

Background

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women and the second cause of cancer-related mortality world-wide. The majority of BC-related deaths is due to metastasis. Bone, lung, brain and liver are the primary target sites of BC metastasis. The clinical implications and mechanisms underlying bone metastasis have been reviewed before. Given the fact that BC lung metastasis (BCLM) usually produces symptoms only after the lungs have been vastly occupied with metastatic tumor masses, it is of paramount importance for diagnostic and prognostic, as well as therapeutic purposes to comprehend the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying BCLM. Here, we review current insights into the organ-specificity of BC metastasis, including the role of cancer stem cells in triggering BC spread, the traveling of tumor cells in the blood stream and their migration across endothelial barriers, their adaptation to the lung microenvironment and the initiation of metastatic colonization within the lung.

Conclusions

Detailed understanding of the mechanisms underlying BCLM will shed a new light on the identification of novel molecular targets to impede daunting pulmonary metastases in patients with breast cancer.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the faculty members at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences for their assistance in the preparation of the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Meysam Yousefi

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Rahim Nosrati

  3. Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

    Arash Salmaninejad

  4. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

    Sadegh Dehghani

  5. Stem Cell Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

    Alireza Shahryari

  6. Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Alihossein Saberi

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  1. Meysam Yousefi
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  2. Rahim Nosrati
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  3. Arash Salmaninejad
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  4. Sadegh Dehghani
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  5. Alireza Shahryari
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  6. Alihossein Saberi
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Correspondence to Alihossein Saberi.

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Yousefi, M., Nosrati, R., Salmaninejad, A. et al. Organ-specific metastasis of breast cancer: molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying lung metastasis. Cell Oncol. 41, 123–140 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13402-018-0376-6

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