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Carbon-based heterogeneous catalysts for conversion of cellulose and cellulosic feedstock

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Abstract

The last decade has observed an increasing trend in research towards carbon-based catalysts for cellulose conversion to monosaccharides and other platform molecules. Cellulose, a linear structural polymer of glucose, is considered an inexhaustible source for the development of fuel and chemicals. For the efficient use of cellulose, solid acid catalysts have been exploited and documented in various reports. However, carbon-based solid catalysts show an advantage due to mild acid groups (− OH, − COOH, − SO3H) on the surface that increase the penetration ability of small-sized carbon particles into the confined cellulose interlayers. Most researchers have reported the role of functional groups on the carbon surface as anchors for holding the cellulose unit. In contrast, acidic groups such as -SO3H are involved in hydrolysis. This review summarizes various carbon-based catalysts and their surface modifications to convert cellulose into different value-added chemicals such as glucose, sorbitol, hydroxymethylfurfural, ethanol, and other polyols.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors, SB, thanks the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) for the research fellowship.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum, Mohkampur, Dehradun, 248005, India

    Preeti Kashyap, Shaifali Bhardwaj, Venkata Pramod Chodimella & Anil Kumar Sinha

  2. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, -110001, India

    Shaifali Bhardwaj, Venkata Pramod Chodimella & Anil Kumar Sinha

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  1. Preeti Kashyap
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  2. Shaifali Bhardwaj
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  3. Venkata Pramod Chodimella
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  4. Anil Kumar Sinha
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The author CVP has initiated the idea of this review and has performed critical analysis and review of the work. The authors PK and SB have done literature survey and drafted the review article; the author AKS has given suggestions for improvement and performed general overall review.

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Correspondence to Venkata Pramod Chodimella.

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Kashyap, P., Bhardwaj, S., Chodimella, V.P. et al. Carbon-based heterogeneous catalysts for conversion of cellulose and cellulosic feedstock. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 14, 2937–2957 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-022-02675-y

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