Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

“Feeling more academic now”: Doctoral stories of becoming an academic

  • Published:
The Australian Educational Researcher Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

It is commonly believed that the doctorate prepares students for academic careers. While there is wide ranging literature about the development of doctoral students as researchers, preparation for the other aspects of academic careers, e.g. teaching, is mostly absent from the discussion. This qualitative longitudinal study investigated the shift from doctoral identities to academic identities using narrative inquiry. It examined the narratives of 15 doctoral students from two large Australian universities, who were approaching thesis submission and who aspired to academic employment. Two contrasting stories illuminated in-depth accounts of how academic identities were developed and experienced. Students defined their identities and assessed their academic development in relation to their perceived ‘market value’ in academia. To increase their employability, they engaged in university teaching and focused on strategic networking. Students regarded researcher development as the main focus of the doctorate as being insufficient for an academic career. This paper argues that doctoral education needs to facilitate student agency, encourage synergies between teaching and research, and support non-academic work experiences to strengthen researcher identity development.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andrews, M., Squire, C., & Tamboukou, M. (2013). Doing narrative research. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, V. L., & Lattuca, L. R. (2010). Developmental networks and learning: Toward an interdisciplinary perspective on identity development during doctoral study. Studies in Higher Education,35(7), 807–827.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnacle, R., & Mewburn, I. (2010). Learning networks and the journey of “becoming doctor”. Studies in Higher Education,35(4), 433–444.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bexley, E., Arkoudis, S., & James, R. (2012). The motivations, values and future plans of Australian academics. Higher Education,65(3), 385–400.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boud, D., & Brew, A. (2013). Reconceptualising academic work as professional practice: Implications for academic development. International Journal for Academic Development,18(3), 208–221.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boud, D., & Lee, A. (2005). “Peer learning” as pedagogic discourse for research education. Studies in Higher Education,30(5), 501–516.

    Google Scholar 

  • Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology,3(2), 77–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brew, A., Boud, D., & Un Namgung, S. (2011). Influences on the formation of academics: The role of the doctorate and structured development opportunities. Studies in Continuing Education,33(1), 51–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clance, P. R., & Imes, S. A. (1978). The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: Dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice,15(3), 241–247.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clegg, S. (2008). Academic identities under threat? British Educational Research Journal,34(3), 329–345.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connelly, F. M., & Clandinin, D. J. (1990). Stories of experience and narrative inquiry. Educational Researcher,19(5), 2–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Edwards, D., Bexley, E., & Richardson, S. (2011). Regenerating the academic workforce: The careers, intentions and motivations of higher degree research students in Australia: Findings of the National Research Student Survey (NRSS). Higher Education Research.

  • Gardner, S. K. (2008). Fitting the mold of graduate school: A qualitative study of socialization in doctoral education. Innovative Higher Education,33(2), 125–138.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, R., Balatti, J., Turner, P., & Whitehouse, H. (2004). The generic skills debate in research higher degrees. Higher Education Research & Development,23(3), 375–388.

    Google Scholar 

  • Golde, C. M., & Dore, T. M. (2001). At cross purposes: What the experiences of today’s doctoral students reveal about doctoral education. Philadelphia: Pew Charitable Trusts.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greer, D. A., Cathcart, A., & Neale, L. (2016). Helping doctoral students teach: Transitioning to early career academia through cognitive apprenticeship. Higher Education Research & Development,35(4), 712–726.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grover, V. (2006). How am I doing? Checklist for doctoral students at various stages of their program. Decision Line,37(2), 24–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hodkinson, P., & Sparkes, A. C. (1997). Careership: A sociological theory of career decision making. British Journal of Sociology of Education,18(1), 29–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, C. (2012). Gender differences in academic self-efficacy: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Psychology of Education,28(1), 1–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jepsen, D. M., Varhegyi, M. M., & Edwards, D. (2012). Academics’ attitudes towards PhD students’ teaching: Preparing research higher degree students for an academic career. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management,34(6), 629–645.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiley, M., & Wisker, G. (2010). Learning to be a researcher: The concepts and crossings. Threshold Concepts and Transformational Learning. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (2002). Legitimate peripheral participation’ in Communities of Practice. In R. Harrison (Ed.), Supporting lifelong learning: Volume 1—Perspectives on learning (pp. 111–126). London & New York: Routledge Falmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mantai, L. (2017). Feeling like a researcher: experiences of early doctoral students in Australia. Studies in Higher Education, 42(4), 636–650.

    Google Scholar 

  • Markus, H., & Nurius, P. (1986). Possible selves. American Psychologist,41(9), 954.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlpine, L. (2012). Identity-trajectories: Doctoral journeys from past to present to future. Australian Universities’ Review,54(1), 38–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlpine, L., & Åkerlind, G. (2010). Becoming an academic. Palgrave Macmillan. Retrieved from https://books.google.com.au/books?hl=de&lr=&id=9ZhiAQAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=becoming+an+academic&ots=T0gQ_WCoGe&sig=npzj91ewUqcgn6WKH8cg202Db5E.

  • McAlpine, L., Amundsen, C., & Turner, G. (2014). Identity-trajectory: Reframing early career academic experience. British Educational Research Journal,40(6), 952–969.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlpine, L., & Emmioğlu, E. (2015). Navigating careers: Perceptions of sciences doctoral students, post-PhD researchers and pre-tenure academics. Studies in Higher Education,40(10), 1770–1785.

    Google Scholar 

  • McAlpine, L., Jazvac-Martek, M., & Hopwood, N. (2009). Doctoral student experience in education: Activities and difficulties influencing identity development. International Journal for Researcher Development,1(1), 97–109.

    Google Scholar 

  • McCormack, C. (2004). Storying stories: a narrative approach to in-depth interview conversations. International Journal of Social Research Methodology,7(3), 219–236.

    Google Scholar 

  • McInnis, C. (2000). Changing academic work roles: The everyday realities challenging quality in teaching. Quality in Higher Education,6(2), 143–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Union of Students. (2013). Postgraduates Who teach. Retrieved from https://www.nus.org.uk/PageFiles/12238/1654-NUS_PostgradTeachingSurvey_v3.pdf.

  • Oyserman, D., Bybee, D., & Terry, K. (2006). Possible selves and academic outcomes: How and when possible selves impel action. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,91(1), 188.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oyserman, D., & Fryberg, S. (2006). The possible selves of diverse adolescents: Content and function across gender, race and national origin. Possible selves: Theory, research, and applications,2(4), 17–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearson, M., & Brew, A. (2002). Research training and supervision development. Studies in Higher Education,27(2), 135–150.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson, E. B. (2014). Re-signifying subjectivity? A narrative exploration of ‘non-traditional’ doctoral students’ lived experience of subject formation through two Australian cases. Studies in Higher Education,39(5), 823–834.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pitt, R., & Mewburn, I. (2016). Academic superheroes? A critical analysis of academic job descriptions. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management,38(1), 88–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rond, M. D., & Miller, A. N. (2005). Publish or perish bane or boon of academic life? Journal of Management Inquiry,14(4), 321–329.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saldaña, J. (2015). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sfard, A., & Prusak, A. (2005). Telling identities: In search of an analytic tool for investigating learning as a culturally shaped activity. Educational Researcher,34(4), 14–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, J., Barnacle, R., & Cuthbert, D. (2013). How the doctorate contributes to the formation of active researchers: What the research tells us. Studies in Higher Education,39(10), 1972–1986.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sweitzer, V. B. (2009). Towards a theory of doctoral student professional identity development: A developmental networks approach. The Journal of Higher Education,80(1), 1–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thiry, H., Laursen, S. L., & Loshbaugh, H. G. (2015). “How do i get from here to there?” An examination of Ph. D. science students’ career preparation and decision making. International Journal of Doctoral Studies,10(1), 237–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Turner, G., & McAlpine, L. (2011). Doctoral experience as researcher preparation: Activities, passion, status. International Journal for Researcher Development,2(1), 46–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vitae. (2010). Vitae Researcher Development Statement (RDS), Careers Research and Advisory Centre (CRAC) Limited.

  • Walker, G. E., Golde, C. M., Jones, L., Bueschel, A. C., & Hutchings, P. (2009). The formation of scholars: Rethinking doctoral education for the twenty-first century. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Willison, J., & O’Regan, K. (2013). Researcher skill development framework. Retrieved from https://www.adelaide.edu.au/rsd/.

  • Winchester-Seeto, T., Homewood, J., Thogersen, J., Jacenyik-Trawoger, C., Manathunga, C., Reid, A., et al. (2014). Doctoral supervision in a cross-cultural context: Issues affecting supervisors and candidates. Higher Education Research and Development,33(3), 610–626.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by Macquarie University Research Excellence Scholarship. My supervisors Dr Agnes Bosanquet, Prof Robyn Dowling and Dr Theresa Winchester-Seeto deserve special thanks. Agnes, in particular, provided generous feedback on the earlier drafts. I am also grateful to my research participants and the anonymous reviewers who provided valuable comments in the writing process.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lilia Mantai.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mantai, L. “Feeling more academic now”: Doctoral stories of becoming an academic. Aust. Educ. Res. 46, 137–153 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-018-0283-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-018-0283-x

Keywords

Navigation