Skip to main content
Log in

Teachers’ perceptions of the use of an external change agent in school curriculum change

  • Published:
The Australian Educational Researcher Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

An external change agent (ECA) was recently employed in three Queensland schools to align the school curriculum with the requirements of the state’s high stakes test known as the Queensland Core Skills test (QCS). This paper reports on the teachers’ perceptions of a change process led by an ECA. With the ever-increasing implementation of high stakes testing in Australian schools, teachers are under mounting pressure to produce ‘results’. Therefore, in order to maximise their students’ success in these tests, schools are altering their curricula to incorporate the test requirements. Rather than the traditional method of managing such curriculum change processes internally, there is a growing trend for principals to source external expertise in the form of ECAs. Although some academics, teachers, and much of the relevant literature, would regard such a practice as problematic, this study found that in fact, teachers were quite open to externally led curriculum change, especially if they perceived the leader to be knowledgeable and creditable in this area.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Blanton, L. P., Sindelar, P. T., & Correa, V. I. (2007). Models of measures of beginning teacher quality. Journal of Special Education, 40(2), 115–127.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Booz Allen Hamilton (2004). 10 guiding principles of change management. http://www.boozallen.com/media/file/138137.pdf. Accessed 22 October 2008.

  • Cavana, R., Delahaye, B., & Sekaran, U. (2001). Applied business research: qualitative and quantitative methods. Brisbane: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cribb, A. (2009). Professional ethics: Whose responsibility? In P. Gewirtz, P. Mahony, I. Hextall, & A. Cribb (Eds.), Changing teacher professionalism: international trends, changes and ways forward (pp. 31–42). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (1994). Introduction: Entering the field of qualitative research. In N. Denzin & Y. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 1–33). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fullan, M. (1991). The new meaning of educational change. New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fullan, M. (2001). The new meaning of educational change (3rd ed.). New York: Teachers College Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fullan, M., & Hargreaves, A. (1991). What’s worth fighting for: working together for your school. Toronto: Ontario Public School Teachers’ Federation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman, J., Barron, D., & Myers, C. (2001). Bringing democracy to the occupational life of educators in the United States: constructing a foundation for school based reform. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 4(1), 57–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves, A. (2000). Four ages of professionalism and professional learning. Teachers and Teaching, 6(2), 151–182.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A. (2001). Building the capacity for school improvement. School Leadership and Management, 21(3), 261–270.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hirst, P. (1968). The contribution of philosophy to the study of the curriculum. In J. Kerr (Ed.), Changing the curriculum (pp. 39–62). London: University of London Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huberman, K., & Miles, M. (1984). Innovation up close. New York: Plenum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kerr, J. (Ed.). (1968). Changing the curriculum. London: University of London Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leppitt, N. (2006). Challenging the code of change: Part 1. Praxis does not make perfect. Journal of Change Management, 6(2), 121–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lieberman, A. (1992). Introduction: the changing context of education. In A. Lieberman (Ed.), The changing contexts of teaching (pp. i–v). Chicago: The National Society for the Study of Education.

  • Lincoln, N., & Guba, E. (2002). Judging the quality of case study reports. In A. M. Huberman & M. Miles (Eds.), The qualitative researcher’s companion (pp. 205–215). London: SAGE.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luxon, N. (2004). Truthfulness, risk and trust in the late lectures of Michel Foucault. Inquiry, 47(5), 464–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Macdonald, D. (2004). Curriculum change in health and physical education: the devil’s perspective. Journal of Physical Education New Zealand, 37, 70–83.

    Google Scholar 

  • Malen, B., & Rice, J. (2009). A framework for assessing the impact of educational reforms on school capacity: Insights from studies of high-stakes accountability initiatives. In J. King Rice & C. Roellke (Eds.), High stakes accountability: implications for resources and capacity (pp. 3–32). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansell, H. (1999). Curriculum reform in New Zealand: what is really being done and is it worth the trouble? Paper presented at the AARENZARE, Melbourne.

  • Marton, F., & Booth, S. (1997). Learning and awareness. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • McBeath, C. (1995). Overcoming barriers to effective curriculum change: a case study in dissemination practice. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Post-Compulsory Education and Training, Brisbane.

  • McWilliam, E., & Perry, L. (2006). On being more accountable: the push and pull of risk in school leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 9(2), 97–109.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Merriam, S. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Paechter, C. (2003). Power, knowledge, gender and curriculum change. Journal of Educational Change, 4, 129–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Parkay, F. (2006). Curriculum and instruction for becoming a teacher. Boston: A and B Rearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perry, L., & McWilliam, E. (2007). Accountability, responsibility and school leadership. Journal of Educational Enquiry, 7(1), 32–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinar, W. (2004). What is curriculum theory?. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Print, M. (1993). Curriculum development and design. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Razik, T., & Swanson, D. (1995). Fundamental concepts of educational leadership and management. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersy: Merrill.

  • Roellke, C., & Rice, J. (2009). Introduction and overview leveraging student performance through high-stakes reform. In J. King Rice & C. Roellke (Eds.), High stakes accountability: Implications for resources and capacity (pp. vii–xii). Charlotte: Information Age Publishing, Inc.

  • Rowe, K. (2000). Assessment, league tables and school effectiveness: consider the issues and ‘let’s get real’! Journal of Educational Enquiry, 1(1), 73–98.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaffer, R. H., & Thomson, H. A. (1992). Successful change programs begin with results. Harvard business review on change (pp. 189–213). Boston: Harvard Business School Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Skilbeck, M. (1998). School-based curriculum development. In A. Hargreaves, A. Lieberman, M. Fullan, & D. Hopkins (Eds.), International handbook of educational change: part one (Vol. 5, pp. 121–144). London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smeed, J. (2008). Accountability and curriculum change. Perspectives on Educational Leadership, 5, 1–2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D., & Lovat, T. (2003). Curriculum: action on reflection (4th ed.). Tuggerah, NSW: Social Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, V. (2006). From the Principal. Mt Alvernia College Newsletter, pp. 1–2.

  • Warren, R. L. (1977). Social change and human purpose: toward understanding and action. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Co.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Judy Smeed.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Smeed, J., Bourke, T. Teachers’ perceptions of the use of an external change agent in school curriculum change. Aust. Educ. Res. 39, 207–220 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-012-0059-7

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-012-0059-7

Keywords

Navigation