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Performance and Durability of Cellulose Pulp-Reinforced Extruded Earth-based Composites

  • Research Article-Civil Engineering
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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the influence of two alternative cellulosic materials: bamboo organosolv pulp and recycled waste carton pulp, on the flexural strength, fracture toughness, drying shrinkage, and durability of extruded earth-based building materials by varying the reinforcement content at 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%. The results show the flexural strength and fracture toughness achieved by the inclusion of carton pulp were between the range of 2.87–3.20 MPa and 4.22–4.52 MPa.m0.5, respectively, while the introduction of bamboo pulp gave 2.04–2.20 MPa and 3.76–4.05 MPa.m0.5, respectively. Compared with the unreinforced material, composite reinforced with 5 wt% of recycled waste carton pulp significantly enhanced flexural strength (61%), specific energy (416%), and fracture toughness (57%), while increasing the drying shrinkage (81%) and water absorption (38%) and decreasing the bulk density (15%) of earth-based matrix. Although the addition of cellulose pulp in soil matrix increased the drying shrinkage due to the high absorption capacity of pulp fibre, it decreased the wearing percentage and the shrinkage cracking of the composite which contributed to an improvement in the durability of the earth-based material. The repeated drying shrinkage test led to an improvement in the dimension stability at 87%, 83%, 85%, and 82% for 0, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt% of recycled pulp composite, respectively. Cellulose fibre reacts as crack arrester during loading and shrinkage, improves the durability, and provides a lightweight earth wall material for insulation strategies.

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The raw data required to reproduce these findings cannot be shared at this time as the data also form part of an ongoing study.

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Funding

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by the Pan African Materials Institute (PAMI) under the World Bank African Centres of Excellence Program (Grant No. AUST/PAMI/2015 5415-NG). The author (HS) is also grateful to the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico: {PQ CNPq 307723/2017–8/}.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Materials Science and Engineering Department, African University of Science and Technology (AUST), Km 10 Airport Rd, Galadimawa, Abuja, Nigeria

    Tido Tiwa Stanislas, Gbétoglo Charles Komadja, Odette Fayen Ngasoh, Ifeyinwa Ijeoma Obianyo & Peter Azikiwe Onwualu

  2. Laboratory of Mechanics, University of Douala, P.O. BOX 2701, Douala, Cameroon

    Tido Tiwa Stanislas

  3. Research Nucleus on Materials for Biosystems, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, , Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP, 13635-900, Brazil

    Tido Tiwa Stanislas & Holmer Savastano Junior

  4. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P.O. BOX 63, Buea, Cameroon

    Josepha Foba Tendo

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  1. Tido Tiwa Stanislas
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  2. Gbétoglo Charles Komadja
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  3. Odette Fayen Ngasoh
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  4. Ifeyinwa Ijeoma Obianyo
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  5. Josepha Foba Tendo
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  6. Peter Azikiwe Onwualu
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Contributions

Tido Tiwa Stanislas declares that all the authors had a significant participation in the development of this work. Tido Tiwa Stanislas was involved in conceptualization, investigation, and writing—original draft; Gbetoglo Charles Komadja and Odette Fayen Ngasoh were involved in investigation and writing—review and editing; Ifeyinwa Ijeoma Obianyo was involved in investigation, visualization, and writing—review and editing; Peter Azikiwe Onwualu was involved in investigation, visualization, writing—review and editing, and funding acquisition; and Josepha Foba Tendo and Holmer Savastano Junior were involved in conceptualization, supervision, writing—review and editing, and funding acquisition;

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Correspondence to Tido Tiwa Stanislas.

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Stanislas, T.T., Komadja, G.C., Ngasoh, O.F. et al. Performance and Durability of Cellulose Pulp-Reinforced Extruded Earth-based Composites. Arab J Sci Eng 46, 11153–11164 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05698-1

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