Abstract
Electric motors perform the crucial task of converting electrical energy into essential mechanical energy on demand. Motors are plentifully used in the industrial sector all over the world to drive mechanical appliances. Despite being robust and sturdy, motors are not entirely fault-proof, and faults that are caused by the bearings trouble them the most. Early detection of these faults allows engineers to take preventive measures and avert hard breakdowns. Numerous studies have been conducted in this area of research. Many methods have been proposed and implemented to detect the existence and determine the type of fault present in an induction motor. However, this field of research is still open since there is room for improvements in the claimed results. In this paper, a novel fault diagnosis method has been proposed involving an emerging machine learning technique named extreme learning machine to identify the existence of flaws in motor bearings and specify their origins. The described method is tested on a benchmark bearing fault dataset provided by Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center. The acquired result yields a maximum classification accuracy of 99.86% and an average classification accuracy of 98.67% after being tested on multiple fault datasets.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Cabal-Yepez, E.; Valtierra-Rodriguez, M.; Romero-Troncoso, R.J.; Garcia-Perez, A.; Osornio-Rios, R.A.; Miranda-Vidales, H.; Alvarez-Salas, R.: FPGA-based entropy neural processor for online detection of multiple combined faults on induction motors. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 30, 123–130 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2012.01.021
Singh, G.; Kazzaz, Ahmed Saleh Al.; S. : Induction machine drive condition monitoring and diagnostic research—a survey. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 64, 145–15 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7796(02)00172-4
Karmakar, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Mitra, M.; Sengupta, S.: Induction Motor Fault Diagnosis. Springer , Singapore (2016)
Malla, C.; Panigrahi, I.: Review of condition monitoring of rolling element bearing using vibration analysis and other techniques. J. Vib. Eng. Technol. 7, 407–414 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-019-00119-y
Vishwakarma, M.; Purohit, R.; Harshlata, V.; Rajput, P.: Vibration analysis & condition monitoring for rotating machines: a review. Mater. Today Proc. 4, 2659–2664 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.02.140
Sikder, N.; Bhakta, K.; Al Nahid, A.; Islam, M.M.M.: Fault diagnosis of motor bearing using ensemble learning algorithm with FFT-based preprocessing. In: 2019 International Conference on Robotics, Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST).IEEE, pp. 564–569 (2019)
Zheng, A., Casari, A.: Feature engineering for machine learning and data analytics - principles and techniques for data scientists (2018)
Bearing Data Center. http://csegroups.case.edu/bearingdatacenter/home
Eschmann, P., Hasbargen, L. (Ludwig), Weigand., Brändlein, J. (Johannes), FAG Kugelfischer Georg Schäfer KGaA.: Ball and roller bearings : theory, design, and application. R. Oldenbourg (1958)
Randall, R.B.; Antoni, J.: Rolling element bearing diagnostics-a tutorial. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 25, 485–520 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2010.07.017
Seera, M.; Lim, C.P.; Nahavandi, S.; Loo, C.K.: Condition monitoring of induction motors: a review and an application of an ensemble of hybrid intelligent models. Expert Syst. Appl. 41, 4891–4903 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2014.02.028
Smith, W.A.; Randall, R.B.: Rolling element bearing diagnostics using the Case Western Reserve University data: a benchmark study. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 64–65, 100–131 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.04.021
Boudiaf, A.; Moussaoui, A.; Dahane, A.; Atoui, I.: A comparative study of various methods of bearing faults diagnosis using the case western reserve university data. J. Fail. Anal. Prev. 16, 271–284 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11668-016-0080-7
Xiao, J.; Zhou, J.; Li, C.; Xiao, H.; Zhang, W.; Zhu, W.: Multi-fault classification based on the two-stage evolutionary extreme learning machine and improved artificial bee colony algorithm. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 228, 1797–1807 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406213496968
Tian, Y.; Ma, J.; Lu, C.; Wang, Z.: Rolling bearing fault diagnosis under variable conditions using LMD-SVD and extreme learning machine. Mech. Mach. Theory. 90, 175–186 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmachtheory.2015.03.014
Tang, G.; Wang, X.; He, Y.: A novel method of fault diagnosis for rolling bearing based on dual tree complex wavelet packet transform and improved multiscale permutation entropy. Math. Probl. Eng. 2016, 1–13 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5432648
Luo, M.; Li, C.; Zhang, X.; Li, R.; An, X.: Compound feature selection and parameter optimization of ELM for fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings. ISA Trans. 65, 556–566 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2016.08.022
Li, Y., Wang, X., Wu, J.: Fault diagnosis of rolling bearing based on permutation entropy and extreme learning machine. In: 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC. IEEE, ). pp. 2966–2971 (2016)
Mao, W.; He, J.; Li, Y.; Yan, Y.: Bearing fault diagnosis with auto-encoder extreme learning machine: a comparative study. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng. Sci. 231, 1560–1578 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1177/0954406216675896
Rodriguez, N.; Cabrera, G.; Lagos, C.; Cabrera, E.: Stationary wavelet singular entropy and kernel extreme learning for bearing multi-fault diagnosis. Entropy 19, 1–15 (2017). https://doi.org/10.3390/e19100541
Haidong, S.; Hongkai, J.; Xingqiu, L.; Shuaipeng, W.: Intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearing using deep wavelet auto-encoder with extreme learning machine. Knowledge-Based Syst. 140, 1–14 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knosys.2017.10.024
Razavi-Far, R., Saif, M., Palade, V., Zio, E.: Adaptive incremental ensemble of extreme learning machines for fault diagnosis in induction motors. In: 2017 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN). IEEE, pp. 1615–1622 (2017)
Wang, Z.; Jia, L.; Qin, Y.: Adaptive diagnosis for rotating machineries using information geometrical Kernel-ELM based on VMD-SVD. Entropy (2018). https://doi.org/10.3390/e20010073
Ma, J.; Wu, J.; Wang, X.: Fault diagnosis method based on wavelet packet-energy entropy and fuzzy kernel extreme learning machine. Adv. Mech. Eng. 10, 168781401775144 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/1687814017751446
Hu, Q.; Qin, A.; Zhang, Q.; He, J.; Sun, G.: Fault diagnosis based on weighted extreme learning machine with wavelet packet decomposition and KPCA. IEEE Sens. J. 18, 8472–8483 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2018.2866708
Mao, W.; Feng, W.; Liang, X.: A novel deep output kernel learning method for bearing fault structural diagnosis. Mech. Syst. Signal Process. 117, 293–318 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.07.034
Rodriguez, N.; Barba, L.; Alvarez, P.; Cabrera-Guerrero, G.: Stationary wavelet-Fourier entropy and kernel extreme learning for bearing multi-fault diagnosis. Entropy 21, 540 (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/e21060540
Li, K.; Xiong, M.; Li, F.; Su, L.; Wu, J.: A novel fault diagnosis algorithm for rotating machinery based on a sparsity and neighborhood preserving deep extreme learning machine. Neurocomputing 350, 261–270 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.03.084
Islam, M.M.M.; Kim, J.M.: Automated bearing fault diagnosis scheme using 2D representation of wavelet packet transform and deep convolutional neural network. Comput. Ind. 106, 142–153 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2019.01.008
Eren, L.; Ince, T.; Kiranyaz, S.: A generic intelligent bearing fault diagnosis system using compact adaptive 1D CNN classifier. J. Signal Process. Syst. 91, 179–189 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11265-018-1378-3
Li, X.; Zhang, W.; Ding, Q.: Cross-domain fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings using deep generative neural networks. IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 66, 5525–5534 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2018.2868023
Jian, X.; Li, W.; Guo, X.; Wang, R.: Fault diagnosis of motor bearings based on a one-dimensional fusion neural network. Sensors (Switzerland) (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010122
Bhakta, K.; Sikder, N.; Nahid, A. Al; Islam, M.M.M.: Fault diagnosis of ınduction motor bearing using cepstrum-based preprocessing and ensemble learning algorithm. In: 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE). IEEE, pp. 1–6 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ECACE.2019.8679223
Xu, G.; Liu, M.; Jiang, Z.; Söffker, D.; Shen, W.: Bearing fault diagnosis method based on deep convolutional neural network and random forest ensemble learning. Sensors (Switzerland) (2019). https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051088
Tissera, M.D.; McDonnell, M.D.: Modular expansion of the hidden layer in single layer feedforward neural networks. Int. Jt. Conf. Neural Networks, Proc (2016) https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2016.7727571
Stoica, P.; Moses, R.L.: Introduction to Spectral Analysis. Pearson, London (1997)
Martinson, D.G.: Quantitative Methods of Data Analysis for the Physical Sciences and Engineering. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2018)
Park, J.; Lindberg, C.R.; Vernon, F.L.: Multitaper spectral analysis of high-frequency seismograms. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 12675 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB12p12675
Thomson, D.J.: Spectrum estimation and harmonic analysis. Proc. IEEE. 70, 1055–1096 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1109/PROC.1982.12433
Multitaper power spectral density estimate - MATLAB pmtm. https://www.mathworks.com/help/signal/ref/pmtm.html
Percival, D.B.; Walden, A.T.: Spectral analysis for physical applications : multitaper and conventional univariate techniques. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1993)
van der Maaten, L.; Hinton, G.: Visualizing data using t-SNE Laurens. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 9, 2579–2605 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-011-0841-3
Huang, G. Bin.; Zhu, Q.Y.; Siew, C.K.: Extreme learning machine: a new learning scheme of feedforward neural networks. IEEE Int. Conf. Neural Networks - Conf. Proc. 2, 985–990 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1109/IJCNN.2004.1380068
Huang, G.-B.; Zhou, H.; Ding, X.; Zhang, R.: Extreme learning machine for regression and multiclass classification . IEEE Trans Syst. Man, Cybern. Part B 42, 513–529 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TSMCB.2011.2168604
Huang, G.-B.; Chen, L.; Siew, C.-K.: Universal approximation using incremental constructive feedforward networks with random hidden nodes. IEEE Trans. Neural Networks. 17, 879–892 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/TNN.2006.875977
Zhang, L.; Tian, F.; Zhang, D.: Domain adaptation guided drift compensation. In: Electronic Nose: Algorithmic Challenges. Springer, Singapore (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2167-2_10
Xu, Z.; Yao, M.: A fast incremental method based on regularized extreme learning machine. In: Cao, J., Mao, K., Cambria, E., Man, Z., Toh, K.A. (eds.) Proceedings of ELM-2014 Volume 1. Proceedings in Adaptation, Learning and Optimization, vol 3. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14063-6_2
Bian, X.-H.; Li, S.-J.; Fan, M.-R.; Guo, Y.-G.; Chang, N.; Wang, J.-J.: Spectral quantitative analysis of complex samples based on the extreme learning machine. Anal. Methods. 8, 4674–4679 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1039/C6AY00731G
McDonnell, M.D.; Tissera, M.D.; Vladusich, T.; Van Schaik, A.; Tapson, J.; Schwenker, F.: Fast, simple and accurate handwritten digit classification by training shallow neural network classifiers with the “Extreme learning machine” algorithm. PLoS ONE 10, 1–20 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0134254
Hewa, K.: K-Fold Cross Validation - Data Driven Investor – Medium. https://medium.com/datadriveninvestor/k-fold-cross-validation-6b8518070833
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data Center for providing the motor vibration data and an image used in this paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sikder, N., Mohammad Arif, A.S., Islam, M.M.M. et al. Induction Motor Bearing Fault Classification Using Extreme Learning Machine Based on Power Features. Arab J Sci Eng 46, 8475–8491 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05527-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-05527-5