Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

RSM and Crow Search Algorithm-Based Optimization of Ultrasonicated Transesterification Process Parameters on Synthesis of Polyol Ester-Based Biolubricant

  • Research Article - Chemical Engineering
  • Published:
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study investigated the optimization of ultrasound-aided transesterification process variables for the synthesis of polyol ester-based biolubricant. A response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design coupled with crow search algorithm methodology was adopted to optimize the ultrasonicated transesterification process variables such as an ultrasonic pulse, amplitude, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature in order to maximize the yield percentage of polyol ester. The formation of pentaerythritol ester was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography. The significant properties of the new formulation were compared with synthetic grade compressor oil. Improved yield of 81.4% of pentaerythritol ester was accomplished with an ultrasonic pulse of 15 s, an ultrasonic amplitude of 60%, a catalyst concentration of 1.5 wt%, and the reaction temperature of 100 °C. This optimization study suggested that ultrasonicated successive transesterification process is an effective method in substituting conventional successive transesterification process for the synthesis of pentaerythritol ester-based biolubricant.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Arumugam, S.; Sriram, G.; Ellappan, R.: Biolubricant-biodiesel combination of rapeseed oil: an experimental investigation on engine oil tribology, performance, and emissions of variable compression engine. Energy 72, 618–627 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Arumugam, S.; Ellappan, R.; Sangavi, S.; Sriram, G.; Ramakrishna, P.: Feasibility analysis of biodegradable automotive lubricant: an evaluation of material-lubricant compatibility in a corrosion perspective. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 43(3), 1345–1368 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Arumugam, S.; Sriram, G.; Rajmohan, T.: Multi-response optimization of epoxidation process parameters of rapeseed oil using response surface methodology (RSM)—based desirability analysis. Arab. J. Sci. Eng. 39(3), 2277–2287 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Angulo, B.; Fraile, J.M.; Gil, L.; Herrerias, C.I.: Bio-lubricants production from fish oil residue by transesterification with trimethylolpropane. J. Clean. Prod. 202, 81–87 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ivan-Tan, C.T.; Islam, A.; Yunus, R.; Taufiq-Yap, Y.H.: Screening of solid base catalysts on palm oil-based Bio lubricant synthesis. J. Clean. Prod. 148, 441–451 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Delgado, M.A.; Quinchia, L.A.; Spikes, H.A.; Gallegos, C.: Suitability of ethyl cellulose as multifunctional additive for blends of vegetable oil-based lubricants. J. Clean. Prod. 151, 1–9 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hamdan, S.H.; Chong, W.W.F.; Ng, J.-H.; Chong, C.T.; Zhang, H.: Nano-tribological characterization of palm oil-based trimethylolpropane ester for application as boundary lubricant. Tribol. Int. 127, 1–9 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Fernandes, K.V.; Papadaki, A.; da Silva, J.A.C.; Fernandez-Lafuente, R.; Koutinas, A.A.; Freire, D.M.G.: Enzymatic esterification of palm fatty-acid distillate for the production of polyol esters with biolubricant properties. Ind. Crop. Prod. 116, 90–96 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Cavalcanti, E.D.C.; Aguieiras, E.C.G.; da Silva, P.R.; Duarte, J.G.; Cipolatti, E.P.; Fernandez-Lafuente, R.; da Silva, J.A.C.; Freire, D.M.G.: Improved production of biolubricants from soybean oil and different polyols via esterification reaction catalyzed by immobilized lipase from Candida rugosa. Fuel 215, 705–713 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Alias, N.H.; Yunus, R.; Idris, A.; Omar, R.: Effects of additives on oxidation characteristics of palm oil-based trimethylolpropane ester in hydraulics applications. Eur. J. Lipid. Sci. Tech. 111(4), 368–375 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Zainal, N.A.; Zulkifli, N.W.M.; Gulzar, M.; Masjuki, H.H.: A review on the chemistry, production, and technological potential of bio-based lubricants. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 82(1), 80–102 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Heikal, E.K.; Elmelawy, M.S.; Khalil, S.A.; Elbasuny, N.M.: Manufacturing of environment friendly biolubricants from vegetable oils. Egypt. J. Petrol. 26, 53–59 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hashem, A.I.; Abou Elmagd, W.S.; Salem, A.E.; El-Kasaby, M.; El-Nahas, A.E.: Conversion of some vegetable oils into synthetic lubricants via two successive transesterifications. Energy Sources 35, 909–912 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Yunus, R.; Fakhru’l-Razi, A.; Ooi, T.L.; Iyuke, S.E.; Idris, A.: Development of optimum synthesis methods for transesterification of palm oil methyl esters and trimethylolpropane to environmentally acceptable palm oil-based lubricant. J. Oil Palm Res. 15(2), 35–41 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  15. EI-Magly, I.A.; Nagib, H.K.; Mokhtar, W.M.: Aspects of the behavior of some pentaerythritol ester base synlubes for turbo-engines. Egypt. J. Pet. 22, 169–177 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Sarve, A.; Sonawane, S.S.; Varma, M.N.: Ultrasound assisted biodiesel production from sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) oil using barium hydroxide as a heterogeneous catalyst: comparative assessment of prediction abilities between response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN). Ultrason. Sonochem. 26, 218–228 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Avramovic, J.M.; Stamenkovic, O.S.; Todorovic, O.B.; Lazic, M.L.; Veljkovic, V.B.: The optimization of the ultrasound-assisted base catalyzed sunflower oil methanolysis by a full factorial design. Fuel Process. Technol. 91, 1551–1557 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Poosumas, J.; Ngaosuwan, K.; Quitain, A.T.; Assabumrungrat, S.: Role of ultrasonic irradiation on transesterification of palm oil using calcium oxide as a solid base catalyst. Energy Convers. Manag. 120, 62–70 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kumar, G.; Kumar, D.; Johari, R.: Time reducing process for biofuel production from non-edible oil assisted by ultrasonication. Ultrason. Sonochem. 21, 1618–1623 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Aziz, N.A.M.; Yunusa, R.; Rashid, U.; Syam, A.M.: Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimizing the palm-based pentaerythritol ester synthesis. Ind. Crop. Prod. 62, 305–312 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Leong, T.; Ashokkumar, M.; Sandra, K.: The fundamentals of power ultrasound—a review. Acoust. Aust. 39, 54–63 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Veljkovic, V.B.; Avramovic, J.M.; Stamenkovic, O.S.: Biodiesel production by ultrasound-assisted transesterification: state of the art and the perspectives. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 16, 1193–1209 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Maddikeri, G.I.; Pandit, A.B.; Gogate, P.R.: Intensification approaches for biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil: a review. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51, 14610–14628 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Arumugam, S.; Chengareddy, P.; Sriram, G.: Synthesis, characterisation and tribological investigation of vegetable oil based pentaerythryl ester as biodegradable compressor oil. Ind. Crop. Prod. 123, 617–628 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Koutsouki, A.A.; Tegou, E.; Badeka, A.; Kontakos, S.; Pomonis, P.J.; Kontominas, M.G.: In situ and conventional transesterification of rapeseeds for biodiesel production: the effect of direct sonication. Ind. Crop. Prod. 84, 399–407 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Arumugam, S.; Sriram, G.: Effect of bio-lubricant and biodiesel-contaminated lubricant on tribological behavior of cylinder liner-piston ring combination. Tribol. Trans. 55, 438–445 (2012)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Kamil, R.N.M.; Yusup, S.; Ismail, L.: Application of Taguchi method for optimization of polyol ester production by esterification of Neopentyl glycol with hexanoic acid. Asian J. Chem. 25(15), 8256–8260 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Mostafaei, M.; Ghobadian, B.; Barzegar, M.; Banakar, A.: Optimization of ultrasonic assisted continuous production of biodiesel using response surface methodology. Ultrason. Sonochem. 27, 54–61 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kumar, G.: Ultrasonic-assisted reactive-extraction is a fast and easy method for biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oilseeds. Ultrason. Sonochem. 37, 634–639 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Kashyap, S.S.; Gogate, P.R.; Joshi, S.M.: Ultrasound assisted synthesis of biodiesel from karanja oil by interesterification: intensification studies and optimization using RSM. Ultrason. Sonochem. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.08.019

    Google Scholar 

  31. Askarzadeh, A.: A novel metaheuristic method for solving constrained engineering optimization problems: crow search algorithm. Comput. Struct. 169, 1–12 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hassanien, A.E.; Rizk-Allah, R.M.; Elhoseny, M.: A hybrid crow search algorithm based on rough searching scheme for solving engineering optimization problems. J Ambient Intel. Hum. Comput. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-018-0924-y

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya, Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, 631561, India

    S. Arumugam, P. Chengareddy & A. Tamilarasan

  2. Department of Chemistry, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya, Enathur, Kanchipuram, Tamilnadu, 631561, India

    V. Santhanam

Authors
  1. S. Arumugam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. P. Chengareddy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. A. Tamilarasan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. V. Santhanam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to S. Arumugam.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Arumugam, S., Chengareddy, P., Tamilarasan, A. et al. RSM and Crow Search Algorithm-Based Optimization of Ultrasonicated Transesterification Process Parameters on Synthesis of Polyol Ester-Based Biolubricant. Arab J Sci Eng 44, 5535–5548 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-03847-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-019-03847-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation