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Neuroimaging markers of human immunodeficiency virus infection in South Africa

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Abstract

Previous studies have reported cognitive deficits among HIV-positive individuals infected with clade C virus. However, no study has examined whether individuals predominately infected with clade C virus exhibit brain atrophy relative to healthy controls. This study examined volumetric differences between 28 HIV+ individuals and 23 HIV− controls from South Africa. Volumetric measures were obtained from six regions of interest — caudate, thalamus, corpus callosum, total cortex, total gray matter, and total white matter. HIV+ participants had significantly lower volumes in the total white matter (p < 0.01), thalamus (p < 0.01) and total gray matter (inclusive of cortical and subcortical regions, p < 0.01). This study is the first to provide evidence of brain atrophy among HIV+ individuals in South Africa, where HIV clade C predominates. Additional research that integrates neuroimaging, comprehensive neuropsychological testing, genetic variance in clade-specific proteins, and the impact of treatment with Antiretrovirals (ARV) are necessary to understand the development of HIV-related neurocognitive disorders in South Africa.

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Acknowledgments

Funding supported by National Institute of Health MH065857

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Missouri–Saint Louis, One University Boulevard, 442-A Stadler Hall, Saint Louis, MO, 63121, USA

    Jodi M. Heaps & Robert Paul

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa

    John Joska, Jackie Hoare & Dan J. Stein

  3. Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Mario Ortega, Aleena Agrawal & Beau M. Ances

  4. Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa

    Soraya Seedat

Authors
  1. Jodi M. Heaps
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  2. John Joska
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  3. Jackie Hoare
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  4. Mario Ortega
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  5. Aleena Agrawal
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  7. Beau M. Ances
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  8. Dan J. Stein
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  9. Robert Paul
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Correspondence to Jodi M. Heaps.

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Heaps, J.M., Joska, J., Hoare, J. et al. Neuroimaging markers of human immunodeficiency virus infection in South Africa. J. Neurovirol. 18, 151–156 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-012-0090-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13365-012-0090-5

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