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Transcriptomic analyses reveal novel genes with sexually dimorphic expression in Takifugu rubripes brain during gonadal sex differentiation

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Abstract

Background

Quantification of mRNAs in gonads and other tissues at the early critical development stage of sex differentiation may help to provide a global view of regulatory mechanisms underlying sex differentiation. We have recently reported the transcriptomic profiling of fugu gonad associated with sex differentiation.

Objectives

This study attempted to identify the genes in the brain that are involved in gonadal differentiation and development.

Methods

In this study, a transcriptomic scan of potential candidate genes involved in sex differentiation was conducted in the brains of fugu larvae at 30 and 40 dah (morphological gonadal sex differentiation had not yet occurred). The dimorphic expression patterns of several candidate genes were verified using quantitative PCR.

Results

A total of 28.24 Gb of clean reads were obtained and 22,337 genes were identified in the brains of fugu larvae. These included 1008 novel genes that provide abundant data for functional analysis of sex differentiation. 229 genes were identified in the 30 dah larvae that were abundant in the XY brain and 21 that were abundant in the XX brain. In the 40 dah larvae, 325 genes were identified abundant in the XY brain and 174 were identified abundant in the XX brain.

Conclusion

This is the first investigation into the transcriptome of the fugu larvae brain at the early sex differentiation stage. The results obtained here will enhance the understanding of molecular mechanisms that underly fugu sex differentiation.

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Acknowledgements

We are deeply grateful to Jieming Jiang, Jiaxin Si, Weixiang Tang, Mingzheng Luo, Yu Liu, Wanrong Lu, Yihan Li and other students from our research team, who were involved in the rearing process and sampling of specimens. This research was supported by the grant from National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFB0404000), National Natural Science Foundation of China (31902347), Key R&D Program of Liaoning Province (2019JH2/10200015), Scientific, Technological and Innovation Program of Dalian (2018J12SN069), Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea (2018-KF-13), Fundamental Research Funds for the Education Department of Liaoning Province (QL201706), DLOU Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students (201810158067). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Mariculture and Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dalian Ocean University, #52, Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China

    Xufang Shen, Hongwei Yan & Xiaoyi Luo

  2. College of Marine Science and Environment Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, #52, Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116023, Liaoning, China

    Lei Zhang, Zhen Yuan, Wenlei Liu, Yumeng Wu, Qi Liu & Ying Liu

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  1. Xufang Shen
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  2. Hongwei Yan
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Contributions

Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by XS with help of LZ, ZY, WL, YW, XL, YL. The first draft of the manuscript was written by XS. HY and QL designed the experiment and reviewed the first draft. All authors read and approved the final draft.

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Correspondence to Hongwei Yan or Qi Liu.

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All animal work in our study were approved by the lab animal protection regulations and guidelines of People’s Republic of China (Order of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China No. 676) and Liaoning Province (Order No. 143rd of the people’s government of Liaoning province). And the animal protocols were approved according to the regulations established by Fishery Resources Enhancement Laboratory at Dalian Ocean University.

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Shen, X., Yan, H., Zhang, L. et al. Transcriptomic analyses reveal novel genes with sexually dimorphic expression in Takifugu rubripes brain during gonadal sex differentiation. Genes Genom 42, 425–439 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-019-00914-7

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