Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Microsatellite variation in the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle in South Korea

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Genes & Genomics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causative agent of pine wilt disease, which has caused heavy economic losses to the South Korean forest industry. In this study, we investigated the genetic variation among South Korean pinewood nematodes using newly developed microsatellite loci. In order to ensure sufficient templates for the amplification of multiple loci required for individual identification, we employed an amplifying step of restricted fragments during the microsatellite development procedure. We found atypical genetic patterns in this non-native pest species: high allelic diversity and population structure. The large number of alleles may be the result of continuous and/or large-scaled introduction, which apparently went unnoticed before the first official report of pine wilt disease in Korea in 1998, or may come from gene pools of closely related species through genetic introgression after hybridization. Ecological properties of this species, such as a vector-mediated life cycle, may have contributed to its population structure, which may be enhanced by governmental efforts to prevent dispersal of this disease. As a geographic population structure was not observed, geographic patterns of genetic variation appear to be more affected by anthropogenic mediation than by natural dispersion through vector insects. And genotypes of Korean populations were compared to genotypes found in neighboring countries such as China and Japan.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ayoub SM (1977) Plant nematology: an agricultural training aid. Department of Food and Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry, Sacramento, 195 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baliraine FN, Bonizzoni M, Osir EO, Lux SA, Mulaa FJ, Zheng L, Gomulski LM, Gasperi G and Malacrida AR (2003) Comparative analysis of microsatellite loci in four fruit fly species of the Genus Ceratitis (Diptera: Tephritidae). B. Entomol. Res. 93: 1–10.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Barrett LG, Thrall PH, Burdon JJ and Linde CC (2008) Life history determines genetic structure and evolutionary potential of host-parasite interaction. Trends Ecol. Evol. 23: 678–685.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cheng HR (1983) The occurrence of a pine wilting disease caused by nematode found in Nanjing. For. Pest Dis. 4: 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng XY, Cheng FX, Xu RM and Xie BY (2008) Genetic variation in the invasive process of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae) and its possible spread routes in China. Heredity 100: 356–365.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Guiran G and Bruguier N (1989) Hybridization and phylogeny of the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus Spp.). Paratologica 35: 321–330.

    Google Scholar 

  • Excoffier L, Laval G and Schneider S (2005) Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol. Bioinform. Online 1: 47–50.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hammond RL, Saccheri IJ, Ciofi C, Coote T, Funk SM, McMillan WO, Bayes MK, Taylor E and Bruford MW (1998) Isolation of microsatellite markers in animals. In Molecular Tools for Screening Biodiversity, A. Karp, P. G. Isaac and D. S. Ingram, eds., Chapman & Hall, Weinheim, Germany, pp. 279–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huelsenbeck JP and Andolfatto P (2007) Inference of population structure under a Dirichlet process model. Genetics 175: 1787–1802.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jarne P and Lagoda PJL (1996) Microsatellites, from molecules to populations and back. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11: 424–429.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jones JT, Moens M, Mota M, Li H and Kikuchi T (2008) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus: opportunities in comparative genomics and molecular host-parasite interactions. Mol. Plant Pathol. 9: 357–368.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jung J, Han H, Ryu SH and Kim W (2010) AFLP (amalified fragment length polymorphism) analysis and genetic variation of pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in South Korea. Anim. Cells Syst. (in press).

  • Jung J, Lee E and Kim W (2006) Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers of Anopheles sinensis, a malaria vector mosquito in the East Asia region. Mol. Ecol. Notes 6: 1272–1274.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jung J, Lee E and Kim W (2007) Isolation and characterization of polymorphic trinucleotide microsatellites of the polyploid crucian carp (Carassius auratus). Mol. Ecol. Notes 7: 124–126.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kanzaki N and Futai K (2002) A PCR primer set for determination of phylogenetic relationships of Bursaphelenchus species within the xylophilus group. Nematology 4: 35–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mamiya Y (1972) Pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus lignicolus Mamiya and Kiyohara, as causal agent of pine wilting disease, Rev. Plant Prot. Res. 5: 46–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mamiya Y (1988) History of pine wilt disease in Japan. J. Nematol. 20: 219–226.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mamiya Y and Enda N (1972) Transmission of Bursaphelenchus lignicolus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) by Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Nematologica 18: 159–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mota MM, Braasch H, Bravo MA, Penas AC, Burgermeister W, Metge K and Sousa E (1999) First report of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in Portugal and in Europe. Nematology 1: 727–734.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond M and Rousette F (1995) GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 86: 248–249.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozen S and Skaletsky HJ (2000) PRIMER 3 on the www for general users and for biologist programmer. In Bioinformatics Methods and Protocols: Methods in Molecular Biology, S. Krawetz and S. Misener, eds., Human Press, Totowa, NJ, pp. 365–386.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sakai AK, Allendorf FW, Holt JS, Lodge DM, Molofsky J and With KA (2001) The population biology of invasive species. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 32: 305–332.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Selkoe KA and Toonen RJ (2006) Microsatellites for ecologists: a practical guide to using and evaluating microsatellite markers. Ecol. Lett. 9: 615–629.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shin S and Han H (2006) Current status on research and management of pine wilt disease in Korea. In Proceedings of the international symposium on current status on research & management of pine wilt disease, pp. 31–44.

  • Steiner G and Buhrer EM (1934) Aphelenchoides xylophilus n. sp., a nematode associated with blue-stain and other fungi in timber. J. Agric. Res. 48: 946–951.

    Google Scholar 

  • Takemoto S and Futai K (2007) Polymorphism of Japanese isolates of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae), at heat-shock protein 70A locus and the field detection of polymorphic populations. App. Entomol. Zool. 42: 247–253.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M and Kumar S (2007) MEGA4: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 1596–1599.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tsutsui ND, Suarez AV, Holway DA and Case TJ (2000) Reduced genetic variation and the success of an invasive species. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97: 5948–5953.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tzean S and Jan S (1985) The occurrence of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Taiwan. Proceedings of the 6th ROC symposium of electron microscopy, pp. 38–39 (Abstr.).

  • Weir BS and Cockerham CC (1984) Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38: 1358–1370.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ye W, Giblin-Davis RM, Braasch H, Morris K and Thomas WK (2007) Phylogenetic relationships among Bursaphelenchus species (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) inferred from nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 43: 1185–1197.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yi C, Byun B, Park J, Yang S and Chang K (1989) First finding of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner Buhrer) Nickle and its insect vector in Korea. Res. Rep. For. Res. Ins. Seoul 38: 141–149.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu H, Frommer M, Robson MK, Meats AW, Shearman DCA and Sved JA (2001) Microsatellite analysis of the Queensland fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni (Diptera: Tephritidae) indicates spatial structuring: implications for population control. B. Entomol. Res. 91: 139–147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Z, Sakaue D, Wu B and Hogetsu T (2007) Genetic structure of populations of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, the pathogen of pine wilt disease, between and within pine forests. Phytopathology 97: 304–310.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zidana H, Turner GF, Van Oosterhout and Hänfling B (2009) Elevated mtDNA diversity in introduced populations of Cynotilapia afra (Günther 1894) in Lake Malawi National Park is evidence for multiple source populations and hybridization. Mol. Ecol. 18: 4380–4389.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Science Education, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Korea

    Jongwoo Jung

  2. Division of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases, Korea Forest Research Institute, Seoul, 130-012, Korea

    Hyerim Han

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-747, Korea

    Sung Hee Ryu & Won Kim

Authors
  1. Jongwoo Jung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hyerim Han
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sung Hee Ryu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Won Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Won Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jung, J., Han, H., Ryu, S.H. et al. Microsatellite variation in the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle in South Korea. Genes Genom 32, 151–158 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-009-0842-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13258-009-0842-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation