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Complexity quantification of cardiac variability time series using improved sample entropy (I-SampEn)

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Abstract

The sample entropy (SampEn) has been widely used to quantify the complexity of RR-interval time series. It is a fact that higher complexity, and hence, entropy is associated with the RR-interval time series of healthy subjects. But, SampEn suffers from the disadvantage that it assigns higher entropy to the randomized surrogate time series as well as to certain pathological time series, which is a misleading observation. This wrong estimation of the complexity of a time series may be due to the fact that the existing SampEn technique updates the threshold value as a function of long-term standard deviation (SD) of a time series. However, time series of certain pathologies exhibits substantial variability in beat-to-beat fluctuations. So the SD of the first order difference (short term SD) of the time series should be considered while updating threshold value, to account for period-to-period variations inherited in a time series. In the present work, improved sample entropy (I-SampEn), a new methodology has been proposed in which threshold value is updated by considering the period-to-period variations of a time series. The I-SampEn technique results in assigning higher entropy value to age-matched healthy subjects than patients suffering atrial fibrillation (AF) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Our results are in agreement with the theory of reduction in complexity of RR-interval time series in patients suffering from chronic cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular diseases.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to the Director and administration of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar for providing all administrative and allied facilities. The authors are thankful to Medical Imaging and Computational Modeling of Physiological Systems Research Laboratory and Biomedical Signal Processing and Telemedicine Laboratory of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for providing all technical facilities to carry out this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144011, India

    Puneeta Marwaha & Ramesh Kumar Sunkaria

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  1. Puneeta Marwaha
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  2. Ramesh Kumar Sunkaria
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Correspondence to Puneeta Marwaha.

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Marwaha, P., Sunkaria, R.K. Complexity quantification of cardiac variability time series using improved sample entropy (I-SampEn). Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 39, 755–763 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-016-0457-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-016-0457-7

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