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Airflow, transport and regional deposition of aerosol particles during chronic bronchitis of human central airways

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Abstract

In the present study, the effects of airway blockage in chronic bronchitis disease on the flow patterns and transport/deposition of micro-particles in a human symmetric triple bifurcation lung airway model, i.e., Weibel’s generations G3–G6 was investigated. A computational fluid and particle dynamics model was implemented, validated and applied in order to evaluate the airflow and particle transport/deposition in central airways. Three breathing patterns, i.e., resting, light activity and moderate exercise, were considered. Using Lagrangian approach for particle tracking and random particle injection, an unsteady particle tracking method was performed to simulate the transport and deposition of micron-sized aerosol particles in human central airways. Assuming laminar, quasi-steady, three-dimensional air flow and spherical non-interacting particles in sequentially bifurcating rigid airways, airflow patterns and particle transport/deposition in healthy and chronic bronchitis (CB) affected airways were evaluated and compared. Comparison of deposition efficiency (DE) of aerosols in healthy and occluded airways showed that at the same flow rates DE values are typically larger in occluded airways. While in healthy airways, particles deposit mainly around the carinal ridges and flow dividers—due to direct inertial impaction, in CB affected airways they deposit mainly on the tubular surfaces of blocked airways because of gravitational sedimentation.

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Abbreviations

\(C_{D}\) :

Drag coefficient

\(D\) :

Inlet diameter (m)

\(d_{p}\) :

Particle diameter (m)

\(f\) :

Forces acting on particles (N)

\(F_{D}\) :

Drag force (N)

\(g_{z}\) :

z component gravitational acceleration (m/s2)

\(p\) :

Pressure (N/m2)

\(Re\) :

Reynolds number

\(St\) :

Stokes number

\(t\) :

Time (s)

\(U\) :

Inlet mean velocity (m/s)

\(u\) :

Velocity (m/s)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

μ :

Dynamic viscosity of fluid (kg/ms)

ν :

Kinematic viscosity (m2/s)

f :

Fluid

p :

Particle

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Mechanical Engineering Group, Mazandaran Institute of Technology, Babol, Iran

    Fouad Farkhadnia

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noshirvani Babol University of Technology, Babol, Iran

    Tahereh B. Gorji & Mofid Gorji-Bandpy

Authors
  1. Fouad Farkhadnia
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  2. Tahereh B. Gorji
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  3. Mofid Gorji-Bandpy
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Correspondence to Tahereh B. Gorji.

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Farkhadnia, F., Gorji, T.B. & Gorji-Bandpy, M. Airflow, transport and regional deposition of aerosol particles during chronic bronchitis of human central airways. Australas Phys Eng Sci Med 39, 43–58 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-015-0394-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13246-015-0394-x

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