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Phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic resolution of the genus Annulohypoxylon (Xylariaceae) including four new species

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Abstract

This study deals with an extensive evaluation focusing on phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic infrageneric relationships of the genus Annulohypoxylon (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota), whose species are ubiquitously associated with seed plants as endophytes and saprotrophs in all forested areas of the world. Using evidence from phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and morphological data, various varieties within the genus are raised to species level, leading to the new combinations for A. areolatum (≡ A. bovei var. microsporum), A. macrosporum (≡ A. leptascum var. macrosporum), and A. microdiscum (≡ A. moriforme var. microdiscum). Annulohypoxylon substygium nom. nov. is applied for A. stygium var. annulatum and the four new tropical and subtropical species A. massivum, A. violaceopigmentum, A. viridistratum and A. yungensis are introduced. Furthermore, A. leucadendri is excluded from the genus as its morphological characters disagree with the generic concept, the recently erected A. palmicola is synonymized with A. leptascum and A. austrobahiense has been reassigned to the genus Hypoxylon. In addition, the key taxa A. annulatum and A. truncatum have been reinvestigated and epitypes have been defined. For the first time, a dichotomous key to the genus is provided. A phylogenetic β-tubulin tree in conjunction with stromatal HPLC profiles clearly shows that Annulohypoxylon comprises two distinct lineages. The A. cohaerens/multiforme group might eventually warrant segregation into a new genus as further molecular data become available.

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Notes

  1. Note: The respective publication indicates that the isotypes of A. elevatidiscus and A. squamulosum are deposited at WSP, which, however, is not the case (J.D. Rogers, pers. comm.).

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge support from the curators of various international culture collections and herbaria, above all CBS, K, KR, MFLUCC, MUCL, NY, PC, PH, PREM and S, who provided important specimens for the present study. We also thank Markus Scholler (KR) for mediating international loan transactions and Jack D. Rogers for supplying us with many important type collections housed at WSP. We are grateful to Jacques Fournier for providing us with his collections from French Guiana and to Gerald Bills for organizing field trips in Texas. The field sampling in Thailand benefited from a joint TRF-DAAD PPP academic exchange grant by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) and the Thai Royal Golden Ph.D. Jubilee-Industry program (RGJ) to Kevin D. Hyde, Eric Kuhnert and Marc Stadler. The DAAD and the Argentina Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva are gratefully acknowledged for an academic exchange grant. We would also like to express our gratitude to the Administration of National Parks of Argentina for authorization of collection (No. 14/2011; No. 40/2012). We want to express our gratitude to Cäcilia Schwager for measurements of the HPLC–HRMS data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany

    Eric Kuhnert, Christopher Lambert & Marc Stadler

  2. German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Hannover-Braunschweig, 38124, Brunswick, Germany

    Eric Kuhnert, Christopher Lambert & Marc Stadler

  3. Fundación Miguel Lillo, CONICET, Institute of Mycology, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina

    Esteban B. Sir

  4. Fundación Miguel Lillo, Institute of Mycology, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina

    Adriana I. Hladki

  5. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

    Kevin D. Hyde

  6. Instituto de Micología y Botánica (INMIBO), UBA-CONICET, Depto. Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, FCEN, Av. Int. Güiraldes 2620, C1428EHA, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Andrea I. Romero

  7. Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124, Brunswick, Germany

    Manfred Rohde

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  1. Eric Kuhnert
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Kuhnert, E., Sir, E.B., Lambert, C. et al. Phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic resolution of the genus Annulohypoxylon (Xylariaceae) including four new species. Fungal Diversity 85, 1–43 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-016-0377-6

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