Abstract
The laboratory-scale production of plasmid DNA (pDNA) is hindered by the limitations of shake flasks, such as mass transfer capacity and lack of pH control. Consequently, better schemes for pDNA production in shake flasks are needed. pDNA production can be improved by increasing the amount of biomass, increasing the pDNA yield on biomass (YpDNA/OD), or both. In this study, we characterized the production of three differently sized plasmids (5.4, 6.0, and 7.8 kbp, respectively) cultured in Lysogenic Broth (LB), Terrific Broth (TB), and EnPresso B Plasmid (EBP) culture medium that releases glucose to the broth enzymatically. Higher cell densities, higher acetate accumulation, and higher pDNA titers, were obtained in cells cultured in TB than in those cultured in LB medium. The enzyme-controlled glucose release system resulted in an important increase in cell densities, while the YpDNA/OD increased up to threefold. The most important increase in pDNA titer was observed for the 7.8-kbp plasmid, which raised from 1.6 to 4.3 mg/L in LB and TB medium, respectively, to 26.6 mg/L using the EBP medium. These results show that controlled substrate delivery is useful to increase the production of large-sized pDNA in shake flasks.
References
Büchs J (2001) Introduction to advantages and problems of shaken cultures. Biochem Eng J 7:91–98
Cheah UE, Weigand WA, Stark BC (1987) Effects of recombinant plasmid size on cellular processes in Escherichia coli. Plasmid 18:127–134
Danquah M, Forde GM (2007) Growth medium selection and its economic impact on plasmid DNA production. J Biosci Bioeng 104(6):490–497
Grunzel P, Pilarek M, Steinbrück D, Neubauer A, Brand E, Kumke MU, Neubauer P, Krause M (2014) Mini-scale cultivation method enables expeditious plasmid production in Escherichia coli. Biotechnol J 9:128–136
Herrera E, Bárcenas P, Hernández R, Méndez A et al (2010) A 176 amino acid polypeptide derived from the mumps virus HN ectodomain shows immunological and biological properties similar to the HN protein. Virol J 7:195
Jaén KE, Lara AR, Ramírez OT (2013) Effects of heating rate on pDNA production by E. coli. Biochem Eng J 79:230–238
Jeude M, Dittrich B, Niederschulte H, Anderlei T, Knocke C, Klee D, Büchs J (2006) Fed-batch mode in shake flasks by slow-release technique. Biotechnol Bioeng 95:433–445
Khosravi M, Ryan W, Webster DA, Stark BC (1990) Variation of oxygen requirement with plasmid size in recombinant Escherichia coli. Plasmid 23:138–143
Krause M, Ukkonen K, Haataja T, Ruottinen M et al (2010) A novel fed-batch based cultivation method provides high cell-density and improves yield of soluble recombinant proteins in shaken cultures. Microb Cell Factories 9:11
Lara AR, Knabben I, Caspeta L, Sassi J, Ramírez OT, Büchs J (2011) Comparison of oxygen enriched air vs pressurized cultivations to increase oxygen transfer and to scale-up plasmid DNA production fermentations. Eng Life Sci 11:382–386
Lara AR, Ramírez OT, Wunderlich M (2012) Plasmid DNA production for therapeutic applications. Methods Mol Biol 824:271–303
Mairhofer J, Lara AR (2014) Advances in host and vector development for the production of plasmid DNA vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 1139:505–541
Martins LM, Pedro AQ, Oppolzer D, Sousa F, Queiroz JA, Passarinha LA (2015) Enhanced biosynthesis of plasmid DNA from Escherichia coli VH33 using Box-Behnken design associated to aromatic amino acids pathway. Biochem Eng J 98:117–126
Sanil R, Maralingannavar V, Gadgil M (2014) In situ pH management for microbial culture in shake flasks and its application to increase plasmid yield. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 41:647–655
Singer A, Eiteman MA, Altman E (2009) DNA plasmid production in different host strains of Escherichia coli. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 36:521–530
Smith MA, Bidochka MJ (1988) Bacterial fitness and plasmid loss: the importance of culture conditions and plasmid size. Can J Microbiol 44:351–355
Weuster-Botz D, Altenbach-Rehm J, Arnold M (2001) Parallel substrate feeding and pH-control in shaking-flasks. Biochem Eng J 7(2):163–170
Wunderlich M, Taymaz-Nikerel H, Gosset G, Ramírez OT, Lara AR (2014) Effect of growth rate on plasmid DNA production and metabolic performance of engineered Escherichia coli strains. J Biosci Bioeng 17:336–342
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by CONACyT grants 183911 and 248926.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Supplementary Figure S1
Agarose gel (0.8 % W/V in TBE buffer) electrophoresis images. Lane 1 (ML) 6 μL of Gene Ruler DNA 1-kb Ladder (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA). Upper labels indicate the name of the plasmid loaded (each lane corresponds to a sample from duplicate experiments). 50 ng of pDNA (measured spectrophotometrically) were loaded on each of these lanes. The gel was stained with Sybr Green (Sigama Aldrich, MO, USA) using 1.5 μL of Sybr Green per 30 mL of gel. The gel was run at 80 V for 30 min. A Samples from cultures in LB medium, B samples from cultures in TB medium, C Samples from EBP medium. (GIF 186 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Galindo, J., Barrón, B.L. & Lara, A.R. Improved production of large plasmid DNA by enzyme-controlled glucose release. Ann Microbiol 66, 1337–1342 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-016-1218-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-016-1218-2