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Biocleaning of Cultural Heritage stone surfaces and frescoes: which delivery system can be the most appropriate?

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Abstract

The use of the advanced biotechnology of microbiological systems for the biological cleaning of Cultural Heritage (CH) has been recently improved and optimized taking into account different factors. Biocleaning systems have been indeed applied to historic buildings, statue,s and frescoes. Such application has developed new techniques and optimised and refined the existing systems. These systems remove altered forms like sulfate and nitrate crusts and organic substances like animal glue in a more effective, less invasive way than the traditional cleaning techniques. This review focuses on several delivery systems (sepiolite, hydrobiogel-97, cotton wool, carbogel, mortar and alginate beads, agar, and arbocel) used for the biocleaning of Cultural Heritage, comparing their main properties and characteristics, making a critical evaluation on how easy they can be applied, and on their future potentiality as ready-to-use and risk-free formulates. Therefore, this review will help conservation scientists, conservator-restorers, and researchers in the field to choose the most appropriate delivery system for any specific applications.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Soprintendenza di Pisa, Dr. C. Baracchini, to Opera della Primaziale Pisana (OPA), Ing. G. Bentivoglio, and to the Restorers G. Colalucci, D. Zari and C. Giantomassi; to Dirección General de Patrimonio and to Prof. P. Roig Picazo, Prof. I. Bosch Reig, Dr. R. Montes and Dr. J.L. Regidor from the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia. This Project has been partially supported by the project VALi + d APOSTD/2013/024 from the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain. Finally, the authors are grateful to S. Pool for editing the manuscript.

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  1. Universitat Politècnica de València, Instituto Universitario de Restauración del Patrimonio, Camino de Vera s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain

    Pilar Bosch-Roig

  2. Dipartimento di Bioscienze e Territorio, Università degli Studi del Molise, c/da Fonte Lappone, Pesche, IS, 86090, Italy

    Giuseppe Lustrato & Giancarlo Ranalli

  3. Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università degli Studi dell’Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, Como, 22100, Italy

    Elisabetta Zanardini

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  1. Pilar Bosch-Roig
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  4. Giancarlo Ranalli
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Correspondence to Pilar Bosch-Roig.

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Bosch-Roig, P., Lustrato, G., Zanardini, E. et al. Biocleaning of Cultural Heritage stone surfaces and frescoes: which delivery system can be the most appropriate?. Ann Microbiol 65, 1227–1241 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-014-0938-4

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