Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the isolation rate, antimicrobial resistance profile and molecular typing of Campylobacter spp. recovered from patients with diarrhea in hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Over a period of 13 months, from 562 diarrheal samples 49 (8.7%) Campylobacter spp. were isolated, of which 34 (69.5%) were Campylobacter jejuni and 12 (24.5%) were identified as Campylobacter coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility and typing of the Campylobacter spp. isolates was carried out using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, fla-typing and RAPD analysis. The highest resistance in the collected Campylobacter isolates was to ofloxacin (77.5%) followed by ciprofloxacin (73.4%), nalidixic acid (69.3%), ceftazidime (53%), cefotaxime (51%) and carbenicillin (40.8%) while all the isolates were susceptible to imipenem. The results of RAPD analysis and fla-typing showed a relative high diversity and weak clonality amongst Campylobacter spp. isolates from patients with diarrhea in two hospitals in Tehran, Iran. In addition, during the current study, fla-typing proved to be more reliable and reproducible for typing of isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first study providing structural data for RAPD analysis and fla-typing of Campylobacter spp. isolates recovered from Iranian patients.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aarestrup FM, Nielsen EM, Madsen M, Engberg J (1997) Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. from humans, pigs, cattle and broilers in Denmark. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41:2244–2250
Allos BM (2001) Campylobacter jejuni infections: update on emerging issues and trends. Clin Infect Dis 32(8):1201–1206
Al-Mahmeed A, Senok AC, Ismaeel AY, Bindayna KM, Tabbara KS, Botta GA (2006) Clinical relevance of virulence genes in Campylobacter jejuni isolates in Bahrain. J Med Microbiol 55:839–843
Baserisaleh M, Bahador N, Kapadnis BP (2007) A comparison study on antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. Isolates from fecal samples of domestic animals and poultry in India and Iran. J Biol Sci 7(6):977–980
Corcoran D, Quinn T, Cotter L, Whyte P, Fanning S (2006) Antimicrobial resistance profiling and fla-typing of Irish thermophilic Campylobacter spp. of human and poultry origin. Lett Appl Microbiol 43:560–565
Engberg J, On SL, Harrington CS, Gerner-Smidt P (2000) Prevalence of Campylobacter spp. Aerobacter, Helicobacter, and Sutterella spp. In human fecal samples as estimated by re-evaluation of isolation methods for Campylobacters. J Clin Microbiol 38:286–291
Ertaş HB, Cetinkaya B, Muz A, Ongör H (2004) Genotyping of broiler-originated Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates using fla-typing and random amplified polymorphic DNA methods. Int J Food Microbiol 15(94):203–209
Feizabadi MM, Dolatabadi S, Zali MR (2007) Isolation and drug-resistant patterns of Campylobacter strains cultured from diarrheic children in Tehran. Jpn J Infect Dis 60(4):217–219
Feodoroff FB, Lauhio AR, Sarna SJ, Hänninen ML, Rautelin HI (2009) Severe diarrhoea caused by highly ciprofloxacin-susceptible Campylobacter isolates. Clin Microbiol Infect 15:188–192
Fitzgerald C, Helsel LO, Nicholson MA, Olsen SJ, Swerdlow DL, Flahart R, Sexton J, Fields PI (2001) Evaluation of methods for subtyping Campylobacter jejuni during an outbreak involving a food handler. J Clin Microbiol 39(7):2386–2390
Ge B, Bodeis S, Walker RD, White DG, Zhao S, McDermott PF, Meng J (2002) Comparison of the E test and agar dilution for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Campylobacter. J Antimicrob Chemother 50:487–494
Gupta A, Nelson JM, Barrett TJ, Tauxe RV, Rossiter SP, Friedman CR, Joyce KW, Smith KE, Jones TF, Hawkins MA, Shiferaw B, Beebe JL, Vugia DJ, Rabatsky-Her T, Benson JA, Root TP, Angulo FJ (2004) Antimicrobial resistance among Campylobacter strains, United States, 1997–2001. Emerg Infect Dis 10(6):1102–1109
Harrington CS, Moran L, Ridley AM, Newell DG, Madden RH (2003) Inter-laboratory evaluation of three flagellin PCR/RFLP methods for typing Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli: the CAMPYNET experience. J Appl Microbiol 95:1321–1333
Hassanzadeha P, Motamedifar M (2007) Occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni in Shiraz, Southwest Iran. Med Princ Pract 16:59–62
Jafari F, Shokrzadeh L, Hamidian M, Salmanmzadeh-Ahrabi S, Zali MR (2008) Acute diarrhea due to enteropathogenic bacteria in patients at hospitals in Tehran. Jpn J Infect Dis 61(4):269–273
Linton D, Lawson AJ, Owen RJ, Stanley J (1997) PCR detection, identification to species level, and fingerprinting of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli direct from diarrheic samples. J Clin Microbiol 35:2568–2572
Madden RH, Moran L, Scates P (1998) Frequency of occurrence of Campylobacter spp. in red meats and poultry in Northern Ireland and their subsequent subtyping using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and the random amplified polymorphic DNA method. J Appl Microbiol 84:703–708
Müller J, Schulze F, Müller W, Hänel I (2006) PCR detection of virulence-associated genes in Campylobacter jejuni strains with differential ability to invade Caco-2 cells and to colonize the chick gut. Vet Microbiol 113:123–129
Nielsen EM, Engberg J, Fussing V, Petersen L, Brogren CH, On SLW (2000) Evaluation of phenotypic and genotypic methods for subtyping Campylobacter jejuni isolates from humans, poultry, and cattle. J Clin Microbiol 38:3800–3810
Sanders JW, Putnam SD, Gould P, Kolisnyk J, Merced N, Barthel V, Rozmaizl PJ, Shaheen H, Fouad S, Frenck RW (2005) Diarrheal illness among deployed US military personnel during Operation Bright Star 2001-Egypt. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 52:85–90
Wadl M, Pölzler T, Flekna G, Thompson L, Slaghuis J, Köfer J, Hein I, Wagner M (2009) Easy-to-use rapid test for direct detection of Campylobacter spp. in chicken feces. J Food Prot 72(12):2483–2488
Wardak S, Jagielski M (2009) Evaluation of genotypic and phenotypic methods for the differentiation of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli clinical isolates from Poland. II. PFGE, ERIC-PCR, PCR-flaA-RFLP and MLST. Med Dosw Mikrobiol 61(1):63–77
Wassenaar TM, Newell DG (2000) Genotyping of Campylobacter spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 66(1):1–9
Wayne, PA (2006) CLSI, Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; 16th informational supplement M100–S16; 26:3
Acknowledgments
The authors thank Dr. Feizabadi, Dr. Alebouyeh, Ms. Mehrnoosh Enjelasi and staff members of the Department of Food Borne Diseases in the Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Disease, Shaheed Beheshti University M.C., whose technical assistance made this work possible.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hamidian, M., Sanaei, M., Azimi-Rad, M. et al. fla-typing, RAPD analysis, isolation rate and antimicrobial resistance profile of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli of human origin collected from hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Ann Microbiol 61, 315–321 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-010-0141-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-010-0141-1