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Organic carbon and nitrogen availability determine bacterial community composition in paddy fields of the Indo-Gangetic plain

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Abstract

Soil quality is an important factor and maintained by inhabited microorganisms. Soil physicochemical characteristics determine indigenous microbial population and rice provides food security to major population of the world. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of physicochemical variables on bacterial community composition and diversity in conventional paddy fields which could reflect a real picture of the bacterial communities operating in the paddy agro-ecosystem. To fulfill the objective; soil physicochemical characterization, bacterial community composition and diversity analysis was carried out using culture-independent PCR-DGGE method from twenty soils distributed across eight districts. Bacterial communities were grouped into three clusters based on UPGMA cluster analysis of DGGE banding pattern. The linkage of measured physicochemical variables with bacterial community composition was analyzed by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). CCA ordination biplot results were similar to UPGMA cluster analysis. High levels of species–environment correlations (0.989 and 0.959) were observed and the largest proportion of species data variability was explained by total organic carbon (TOC), available nitrogen, total nitrogen and pH. Thus, results suggest that TOC and nitrogen are key regulators of bacterial community composition in the conventional paddy fields. Further, high diversity indices and evenness values demonstrated heterogeneity and co-abundance of the bacterial communities.

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Acknowledgements

L. C. Rai thank to ICAR and DST, New Delhi for grant in the form of network project and J. C. Bose National Fellowship, respectively. Research facilities extended by CAS in Botany at Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi were highly acknowledged. Arvind Kumar is grateful to CSIR for senior research fellowship. Thanks to Mr. Gullu and Anurag Rai who helped in the sample collection. Funding was provided by National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms (Grant Number P-27/115).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Algal Biology, Center of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India

    Arvind Kumar & Lal Chand Rai

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Veer Bahadur Singh Purvanchal University, Jaunpur, 222003, India

    Arvind Kumar

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  1. Arvind Kumar
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  2. Lal Chand Rai
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Correspondence to Arvind Kumar.

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Kumar, A., Rai, L.C. Organic carbon and nitrogen availability determine bacterial community composition in paddy fields of the Indo-Gangetic plain. 3 Biotech 7, 199 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-017-0810-x

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