Abstract
In the textile industry, various chemicals are used to produce quality yarns. Thinking about its future use for improving the dyeability of the textile yarns, the intercalation of alpha-titanium phosphate (α-TiP) using long-chain amine was accomplished. In this work, we studied α-titanium phosphate intercalation by a long-chain amine aided by a short-chain one. The synthesis of the titanium phosphate was performed using titanium isopropoxide and orthophosphoric acid with a molar ratio of 1:8. The phosphate was organically modified using two different amines—ethylamine (E) and the oligoetheramine [O-(2aminopropyl)-O’-(2-methoxyethyl) polypropylene glycol, Jeffamine®, (J)] using the 0.5:1 amine:phosphate molar ratio. The materials were characterized by thermogravimetry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffractometry, Raman spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. JETiP and EJTiP thermogravimetric curves evidenced higher amine incorporation into titanium phosphate. X-ray diffractogram patterns of ETiP, JETiP and EJTiP showed new diffraction peaks coexisting with pristine one. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that amine was incorporated into α-TiP galleries as amine salt. Evaluation of several absorption ratios showed that better efficiency of amine intercalation was found in the JETiP and EJTiP assembled system. ETiP, JETiP and EJTiP Raman spectroscopy revealed change in α-TiP spectra owing to the chemical modification and intercalation promoted by amines. According to the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, JETiP and EJTiP showed the highest level of Jeffamine® incorporation. We concluded that the use of ethylamine was indispensable in the intercalation of long-chain amine inside the α-TiP galleries.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Airoldi C, de Oliveira SF (1991) On the thermochemistry of intercalation of n-alkylamines into α-titanium hydrogenphosphate. Struct Chem 2(1):41–46
Alam MI, De S, Singh B, Saha B, Abu-Omar MM (2014) Titanium hydrogenphosphate: an efficient dual acidic catalyst for 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) production. Appl Catal A Gen 486:42–48
Alberti G, Cardini-Galli P, Costantino U, Torracca E (1967) Crystalline insoluble salts of polybasic metals Ion-exchange properties of crystalline titanium phosphate. J Inorg Nucl Chem 29(2):571–578. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(67)80063-0
Attia A, Wang Q, Huang X, Yang Y (2012) Titanium phosphates as positive electrode in lithium ion batteries: composition, phase purity and electrochemical performance. J Solid State Electrochem 16(4):1461–1471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-011-1543-0
Bereznitski Y, Jaroniec M, Bortun AI, Poojary DM, Clearfield A (1997) Surface and structural properties of novel titanium phosphates. J Coll Interface Sci 191(2):442–448. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.1997.4928
Bestaoui N, Spurr NA, Clearfield A (2006) Intercalation of polyether amines into α-zirconium phosphate. J Mater Chem 16(8):759–764. https://doi.org/10.1039/B511351B
Boo WJ, Sun LY, Liu J, Clearfield A, Sue HJ, Mullins MJ, Pham H (2007) Morphology and mechanical behavior of exfoliated epoxy/α-zirconium phosphate nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 67(2):262–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.08.012
Bortun AI, Bortun L, Clearfield A, Villa-García MA, García JR, Rodríguez J (1996) Synthesis and characterization of a novel layered titanium phosphate. J Mater Res 11(10):2490–2498. https://doi.org/10.1557/JMR.1996.0314
Bruque S, Aranda MAG, Losilla ER, Olivera-Pastor P, Maireles-Torres P (1995) Synthesis optimization and crystal structures of layered metal (IV) hydrogen phosphates, α-M(HPO4)2∙H2O (M = Ti, Sn, Pb). Inorg Chem 34(4):893–899. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00108a021
Carrasco-Rodríguez J, Alonso FJG, Costa-García A, Martín-Yerga D (2017) Tuning the incorporation of electroactive metals into titanium phosphate nanoparticles and the reverse metal extraction process: application as electrochemical labels in multiplex biosensing. Electrochem Commun 83:1–5
Clark RJH, Turtle PC (1978) Electronic and resonance Raman spectra of one-dimensional mixed-valence platinum-ethylamine complexes at ca. 80 K. Inorg Chem 17(9):2526–2531. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50187a038
Clearfield A, Stynes JA (1964) The preparation of crystalline zirconium phosphate and some observations on its ion exchange behaviour. J Inorg Nucl Chem 26(1):117–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(64)80238-4
Clearfield A, Blessing RH, Stynes JA (1968) New crystalline phases of zirconium phosphate possessing ion-exchange properties. J Inorg Nucl Chem 30(8):2249–2258. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1902(68)80224-6
Dal Pont K, Gérard JF, Espuche E (2012) Modification of α-ZrP nanofillers by amines of different chain length: consequences on the morphology and mechanical properties of styrene butadiene rubber based nanocomposites. Eur Poly J 48(1):217–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2011.11.006
Darkhalil ID, Nagels N, Herrebout WA, van der Veken BJ, Gurusinghe RM, Tubergen MJ, Durig JR (2014) Microwave spectra and conformational studies of ethylamine from temperature dependent Raman spectra of xenon solutions and ab initio calculations. J Mol Struct 1068:101–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.03.073
Durig JR, Li YS (1975) Raman spectra of gases. XVIII. Internal rotational motions in ethylamine and ethylamine-d2. J Chem Phys 63(10):4110–4113. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.431181
Espina A, Jaimez E, Khainakov SA, Trobajo C, García JR, Rodríguez J (1998a) Synthesis of new n-alkylamines intercalation compounds with α-titanium phosphate. Process selectivity and structural and morphological characterization. Chem Mater 10(9):2490–2496
Espina A, García JR, Guil JM, Jaimez E, Parra JB, Rodríguez J (1998b) Calorimetric study of amine adsorption on α- and γ-titanium phosphate. J Phys Chem B 102(10):1713–1716. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp972410o
García-Glez J, Trobajo C, Khainakov SA, Amghouz Z (2017) α-Titanium phosphate intercalated with propylamine: an alternative pathway for efficient europium(III) uptake into layered tetravalent metal phosphates. Arab J Chem 10(6):885–894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2016.07.013
García-Granda S, Khainakov SA, Espina A, García JR, Castro GR, Rocha J, Mafra L (2010) Revisiting the thermal decomposition of layered γ-titanium phosphate and structural elucidation of its intermediate phases. Inorg Chem 49(6):2630–2638. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic901254j
Gobin C, Marteau P, Petitet J-P (2004) Spectroscopic studies of the molecular interactions in nethylamines and 2-nitropropane/n-ethylamine mixtures. Spectrochim Acta Part A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 60(1):329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1386-1425(03)00230-0
Guo S-y, Han S (2014) Constructing a novel hierarchical 3D flower-like nano/micro titanium phosphate with efficient hydrogen evolution from water splitting. J Power Sourc 267:9–13
Guo S-y, Han S, Chi B, Pu J, Li J (2014) Synthesis of shape-controlled mesoporous titanium phosphate nanocrystals: the hexagonal titanium phosphate with enhanced hydrogen generation from water splitting. Int J Hydrog Energy 39(6):2446–2453
Jones DJ, Aptel G, Brandhorst M, Ml Jacquin, Jiménez-Jiménez J, Jiménez-López A, Maireles-Torres P, Piwonski I, Rodríguez-Castellón E, Zajac J, Rozière J (2000) High surface area mesoporous titanium phosphate: synthesis and surface acidity determination. J Mater Chem 10(8):1957–1963. https://doi.org/10.1039/B002474K
Khainakov SA, Khainakova OA, García JR, García-Granda S, Blanco JA (2012) Different morphology of organic–inorganic hybrid nanomaterials based on titanium phosphate. J Alloys Compd 536:S491–S494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.12.041
Liu J, Wei X (2015) Supercritical synthesis of layered elongated hexagonal titanium phosphate nanoplates. RSC Adv 5(10):7798–7802. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4RA13993C
Llavona R, Suarez M, Garcia JR, Rodriguez J (1989) Lamellar inorganic ion exchangers. Alkali metal ion exchange on alpha- and gamma-titanium phosphate. Inorg Chem 28(14):2863–2868. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00313a033
Ls Kőrösi, Papp S, Dékány I (2010) A layered titanium phosphate Ti2O3 (H2PO4) 2·2H2O with rectangular morphology: synthesis, structure, and cysteamine intercalation. Chem Mater 22(15):4356–4363
Mendes L, Silva D, Araujo L, Lino A (2014a) Zirconium phosphate organically intercalated/exfoliated with long chain amine. J Therm Anal Calorim 118(3):1461–1469
Mendes LC, Silva DF, Araujo LJF, Lino AS (2014b) Zirconium phosphate organically intercalated/exfoliated with long chain amine. J Thermal Anal Calorim 118(3):1461–1469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-014-4056-0
Menéndez FE, Espina A, Trobajo C, García JR, Rodríguez J (1994) Intercalation of n-alkylamines into α-titanium phosphate from aqueous solutions. J Incl Phenom Mol Recogni Chem 15(3):215–230. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00709068
Nunes LM, Airoldi C (1999a) Structure Features and thermochemistry of the intercalation of pyridine and α-, β-, and γ-picolines into crystalline α-titanium hydrogen phosphate. Chem Mater 11(8):2069–2075. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm981133a
Nunes LM, Airoldi C (1999b) Some features of crystalline α-titanium hydrogenphosphate, modified sodium and n-butylammonium forms and thermodynamics of ionic exchange with K+ and Ca2+. Thermochim Acta 328(1):297–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-6031(98)00654-6
Nunes LM, Airoldi C (2005) Thermochemical data on intercalation of aromatic amines into crystalline α-titanium hydrogenphosphate. Thermochim Acta 435(1):118–123
Okamoto H, Sugiyama Y, Nakanishi K, Ohta T, Mitsuoka T, Nakano H (2015) surface modification of layered polysilane with n-alkylamines, α, ω-diaminoalkanes, and ω-aminocarboxylic acids. Chem Mater 27(4):1292–1298. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm5042869
Ortíz-Oliveros HB, Flores-Espinosa RM, Ordoñez-Regil E, Fernández-Valverde SM (2014) Synthesis of α-Ti(HPO4)2·H2O and sorption of Eu(III). Chem Eng J 236:398–405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2013.09.103
Oyama ST, Wang X, Radhakrishnan R (2003) 74 Adsorption of ethylamine on silica-supported nickel phosphide. Stud Surf Sci Catal 145:347–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(03)80231-8
Pipi ARF, Carmo DR (2011) Voltammetric studies of titanium (IV) phosphate modified with copper hexacyanoferrate and electroanalytical determination of N-acetylcysteine. J Appl Electrochem 41(7):787–793. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-011-0296-x
Rajini A, Nookaraju M, Reddy IAK, Venkatathri N (2017) Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial and cytotoxicity studies of a novel titanium dodecylamino phosphate. J Saudi Chem Soc 21:S77–S85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2013.10.005
Roca S, Airoldi C (1996) Thermodynamic data of ion exchange on amorphous titanium (IV) phosphate. Thermochim Acta 284(2):289–297
Romano R, Alves OL (2005) Fibrous cerium (IV) acid phosphates host of weak and strong lewis bases. J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem 51(3):211–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10847-004-7732-z
Sahu BB, Parida K (2002) Cation exchange and sorption properties of crystalline α-titanium(IV) phosphate. J Coll Interface Sci 248(2):221–230. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.7818
Schmutz C, Barboux P, Ribot F, Taulelle F, Verdaguer M, Fernandez-Lorenzo C (1994) EXAFS, Raman and 31P NMR study of amorphous titanium phosphates. J Non Cryst Solids 170(3):250–262. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3093(94)90054-X
Slade RCT, Knowles JA, Jones DJ, Rozière J (1997) The isomorphous acid salts α-Zr(HPO4)2 H2O, α-Ti(HPO4)2·H2O and α-Zr(HAsO4)2·H2O Comparative thermochemistry and vibrational spectroscopy. Solid State Ionics 96(1):9–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2738(97)00012-X
Takahashi H, Oi T, Hosoe M (2002) Characterization of semicrystalline titanium(IV) phosphates and their selectivity of cations and lithium isotopes. J Mater Chem 12(8):2513–2518. https://doi.org/10.1039/B203266JG
Tegehall P-E (1986) Synthesis of crystalline titanium (IV) phosphates by direct precipitation from Ti(III) solutions and ion exchange properties of some of the prepared phases. Acta Chem Scand 40:507–514
Wang H, Zou M, Li N, Li K (2007) Preparation and characterization of ionic liquid intercalation compounds into layered zirconium phosphates. J Mater Sci 42(18):7738–7744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1686-7
Yada M, Inoue Y, Sakamoto A, Torikai T, Watari T (2014) Synthesis and controllable wettability of micro- and nanostructured titanium phosphate thin films formed on titanium plates. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6(10):7695–7704. https://doi.org/10.1021/am500974v
Yamanaka S (1976) Synthesis and characterization of the organic derivatives of zirconium phosphate. Inorg Chem 15(11):2811–2817. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50165a049
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientı́fico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nı́vel Superior (CAPES) Finance Code 1 and Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro for financially supporting this work. We also want to thank the Centro de Tecnología Mineral (CETEM), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (MCTI) for the Raman and EDX analyses.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Albitres, G.A.V., Cestari, S.P., Freitas, D.F.S. et al. Intercalation of α-titanium phosphate with long-chain amine aided by short-chain amine. Appl Nanosci 10, 907–916 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01176-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-019-01176-1