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Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in street foods: a public health concern

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Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pattern and virulence genes of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli from foods of animal origin were evaluated. Based on combination disc method and ESBL E test, 42 of the 213 E. coli isolates were confirmed as ESBL producers where a high presence was observed in raw foods (60.62%), environmental samples (46.73%) and ready to eat foods (42.99%) of which 31(26.49%), 3(6.97%) and 7(15.21%) samples harbored ESBL E. coli, respectively. Higher contamination rates were observed in samples collected from meat vendors (54.36%), milk vendors (48.88%) and egg vendors (45.20%) of which 16.1%, 11.11% and 2.05%, respectively were ESBL E. coli. Among the 42 ESBL isolates, 85.71% (36/42) were multidrug-resistant. On polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis, expression of beta-lactamase genes viz., blaCTXM was noted in 69.04% (29/42) ESBL isolates, blaTEM in 66.66% (28/42) and blaOXA-1 in 19.04% (8/42) isolates, while blaSHV was not detected in any of the isolates. Other AMR genes viz., blaAmpC, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), catI, dhfrI, aac(3)-IIa(aacC2), aph(3′)-Ia(aphA1), qnrB, qnrS were detected by PCR in 39, 28, 29, 3, 9, 5, 17, 11, 6, 6 and 33 isolates, respectively. None of the isolates harbored chloramphenicol (floR) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) (qnrA) genes. However, 21 isolates were positive for class I integron (int1), 5 for EPEC (eae) and 9 for ETEC (lt) while none were carrying bfp or stII genes. All ESBL producing isolates formed a single group when subjected to enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC PCR) genotyping. The presence of multidrug-resistant ESBL E. coli in street foods of animal origin raises the issues of food safety and public health.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Director and Joint Director (Research), Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India for providing necessary facilities for the study. The work supported by grants from Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India is duly acknowledged.

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  1. Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243 122, India

    M. Sivakumar, G. Abass, R. Vivekanandhan,  Anukampa, D. K. Singh, Kiran Bhilegaonkar, Suman Kumar, M. R. Grace & Zunjar Dubal

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  1. M. Sivakumar
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  2. G. Abass
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Correspondence to Zunjar Dubal.

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Sivakumar, M., Abass, G., Vivekanandhan, R. et al. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in street foods: a public health concern. J Food Sci Technol 58, 1247–1261 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-020-04634-9

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