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Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve Oral Cancer Knowledge: a Systematic Review

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Abstract

Oral cancer is prone to late-stage diagnosis, and subsequent low five-year survival rates. A small number of interventions or campaigns designed to enhance knowledge of risk factors and symptoms associated with oral cancer have been attempted in the UK, US, and some other countries. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of interventions designed to improve oral cancer knowledge. We searched five databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-randomized/quasi-experimental (NR/QE) studies targeting the general population or high-risk groups (tobacco users or alcohol consumers), aged ≥15 years, and reporting the outcomes of individual and/or community level interventions. Two co-authors independently identified relevant studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, 27 (eight RCTs and 19 NR/QE studies) of the 551 studies identified from the five databases met the inclusion criteria. All RCTs and nine NR/QE studies used either printed materials, health education sessions, multimedia aids, or some combinations of these tools. The other ten NR/QE studies were community-based and used mass media campaigns to increase oral cancer awareness. Overall, the majority of studies significantly improved oral cancer knowledge; however, heterogeneity in study design and variation in measurement tools made it difficult to compare outcomes. Findings suggest that individual and/or community level interventions are generally effective in increasing knowledge of oral cancer risk factors, signs and symptoms, and/or its early diagnosis and prevention strategies among the general population or high-risk groups. However, the long-term benefits of these interventions are understudied.

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  • 04 February 2021

    In the first sentence under the Conclusion section, “Despite thesethis study’s limitations” should be changed to “Despite this study’s limitations”.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, 3825 Desoto Avenue, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA

    Nikhil A. Ahuja, Satish K. Kedia, Kenneth D. Ward, Latrice C. Pichon & Weiyu Chen

  2. School of Communication Studies, Kent State University at Stark, North Canton, OH, USA

    Patrick J. Dillon

  3. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Vaidik Dental College and Research Center, Daman, India

    Hitesh Navaparia

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  1. Nikhil A. Ahuja
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Contributions

All authors have read and approved the submitted version of the paper. The specific contributions were as follows: NA: conceptualization, literature search, data extraction, synthesis and analysis, writing—original draft, review and editing; SK: conceptualization, supervision, and writing—review and editing, KW: supervision and writing—review and editing; LP: supervision and writing—review & editing; WC: literature search, data extraction and analysis; PD: writing—review and editing and HN: data extraction, synthesis, and analysis.

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Correspondence to Satish K. Kedia.

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Ahuja, N., Kedia, S., Ward, K.D. et al. Effectiveness of Interventions to Improve Oral Cancer Knowledge: a Systematic Review. J Canc Educ 37, 479–498 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-021-01963-x

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