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Effectiveness of Videos Improving Cancer Prevention Knowledge in People with Profound Hearing Loss

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Abstract

Deaf persons have a poorer understanding of cancer prevention, which is felt to be partly due to communication barriers. One hundred ninety-seven d/Deaf persons completed a survey and video on cancer prevention. Half viewed a spoken English program designed for hearing persons (control group); the other half viewed an amended program that had American Sign Language, captions, and printed English options added (experimental group). Knowledge was measured before and after the video, including 1 and 6 months later. Respondents were primarily Caucasian, had low incomes, lost hearing at young ages, and had d/Deaf spouses. Although overall knowledge improved after viewing the video, the presence of culture-specific communications (American Sign Language, captions) did not improve scores compared to the control group, either immediately after the intervention or over time. Moreover, percentage correct on all pretest, and almost all post-test, questions was <50% for both experimental and control groups. For all subjects, regardless of which group they were in, a hearing spouse (p  < 0.001) and more healthcare information sources (p = 0.001) improved knowledge, while African-Americans showed a trend to lesser improvement (p = 0.06). Using culture-specific language did not improve cancer prevention knowledge in this d/Deaf population, and overall knowledge remained low. More study is needed to determine the best way to increase cancer prevention knowledge in this population.

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Acknowledgment

The research was supported by NIH grant #R25DC004604.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, 1018 Fuller Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104-1213, USA

    Philip Zazove, Barbara D. Reed, Ananda Sen & Daniel W. Gorenflo

  2. Private Deaf Consultant, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Helen E. Meador

Authors
  1. Philip Zazove
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  2. Helen E. Meador
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  3. Barbara D. Reed
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  4. Ananda Sen
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  5. Daniel W. Gorenflo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philip Zazove.

Appendix Cancer Screening Survey (Pretest and Post-test)

Appendix Cancer Screening Survey (Pretest and Post-test)

  1. 1.

    How often should you get a Pap smear at your age?

    • I don’t know

    • Every year

    • Every 1–3 years, if sexually active, depending on doctor’s evaluation

    • Every 1–2 years, depending on doctor’s evaluation

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  2. 2.

    How often should you get a mammogram at your age?

    • I don’t know

    • Not recommended at my age

    • Every year

    • Every 3 years

    • Every 1–2 years, depending on doctor’s evaluation

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  3. 3.

    What is the goal of a mammogram?

    • I don’t know

    • To find breast cancer after the woman could feel the cancer

    • To find breast cancer after the woman had breast problems

    • To find breast cancer when it is very small

    • To find breast cancer when it is very big

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  4. 4.

    How often should you get a prostate exam at your age?

    • I don’t know

    • Not recommended at my age

    • Depending on how much risk for me, my doctor will recommend

    • Every year

    • Every 1–2 years, depending on doctor’s evaluation

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  5. 5.

    What type of cancer testing involves the letters

  6. A

    (Asymmetry)

  7. B

    (Border)

  8. C

    (Color)

  9. D

    (Diameter)

    • I don’t know

    • Lung

    • Stomach

    • Skin

    • Colon

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  10. 6.

    Which of the following problems can smoking cause?

    • I don’t know

    • Neck cancer

    • Colon cancer

    • Lung cancer

    • Bladder cancer

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  11. 7.

    How many minutes a day, most days of the week, should you exercise?

    • I don’t know

    • Not less than five

    • Not less than fifteen

    • Not less than thirty

    • Not less than forty-five

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  12. 8.

    How often should you get a fecal occult blood test (test bowel movement sample for blood) for colon cancer at your age?

    • I don’t know

    • Not recommended at my age

    • Every year

    • Every 2 years

    • Every 5 years

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  13. 9.

    How often should you get a sigmoidoscopy (doctor looks inside rectum with tube) at your age?

    • I don’t know

    • Not recommended at my age

    • Every year

    • Every 3 years

    • Every 5 years

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  14. 10.

    Digital Rectal Exam (doctor checks rectum with fingers) can find which of the following kinds of cancer?

    • I don’t know

    • Colon

    • Skin

    • Ovary

    • Testicles

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  15. 11.

    What is the biggest cause of cancer in America?

    • I don’t know

    • Alcohol and drug abuse

    • Smoking

    • Too many X-rays

    • Not enough exercise

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

  16. 12.

    What is the biggest cause of heart attacks in America?

    • I don’t know

    • Alcohol and drug abuse

    • Smoking

    • Dangerous chemicals

    • Not enough exercise

    • All of the above

    • None of the above

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Zazove, P., Meador, H.E., Reed, B.D. et al. Effectiveness of Videos Improving Cancer Prevention Knowledge in People with Profound Hearing Loss. J Canc Educ 27, 327–337 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-011-0292-1

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