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Mapping Vernal Pools Using LiDAR Data and Multitemporal Satellite Imagery

  • Wetlands Conservation
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Abstract

Seasonal depressional wetlands, or vernal pools, offer critical breeding habitats for diverse species (primarily amphibians and invertebrates) in northeastern America. Their seasonal aspect contributes to their uniqueness. Degradation and loss of these habitats are attributed to human activities such as urban development and some forestry activities. Thus, it is important to map vernal pools to plan conservation measures. We studied topographic depressions derived from airborne LiDAR Digital Elevation Models (3 m) combined with optical multitemporal satellite imagery provided by Pléiades (50 cm) to detect depressional wetlands with the objective of discriminating vernal pools from other small wetlands. We first set a hierarchical identification approach with five criteria to plan the field campaigns, but after using statistical analysis, we were able to reduce these to only one criterion, the temporal difference (May to September) of the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI). Our results suggest that vernal pool occurrence is highly correlated with the temporal difference of NDWI. The higher the difference, the higher the observed occurrence. Considering 81 field-validated vernal pools, the user’s accuracy reached 83% and the producer’s accuracy, 59%. Our study presents a simple approach to map vernal pools on large territories while considering their temporary status.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge Martin Dupuis for his expertise in photo-interpretation and Liane Nowell from the Kenauk Institute for on-site assistance.

Funding

Financial support for this study was provided by the Nature Conservancy of Canada [33232], Ducks Unlimited Canada [33232], Kenauk Canada ULC [33232] and the Ministry of Economic Development, Innovation and Export Trade of Québec (Passeport innovation program) [33232–33528].

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Author notes

  1. Mathieu Varin and Philippe Bournival contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre d’enseignement et de recherche en foresterie de Sainte-Foy (CERFO), 2440 Ch. Ste-Foy, Quebec City, QC, G1V 1T2, Canada

    Mathieu Varin, Jean Fink & Bilel Chalghaf

  2. Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs (MFFP), 5700 4e av O, Quebec City, QC, G1H 6R1, Canada

    Philippe Bournival

Authors
  1. Mathieu Varin
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  2. Philippe Bournival
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  3. Jean Fink
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  4. Bilel Chalghaf
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Contributions

Conceptualization, M.V., P.B. and J.F.; methodology, M.V., P.B. and J.F.; software, M.V. and P.B.; validation, M.V. and P.B.; formal analysis, M.V. and P.B.; writing—original draft preparation, M.V. and P.B.; writing—review and editing, M.V., P.B., J.F. and B.C.; supervision, P.B.; project administration, P.B. and J.F.; funding acquisition, M.V., P.B. and J.F.

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Correspondence to Mathieu Varin.

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Varin, M., Bournival, P., Fink, J. et al. Mapping Vernal Pools Using LiDAR Data and Multitemporal Satellite Imagery. Wetlands 41, 34 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01422-9

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