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Dynamics of Leishmania infection rates in Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) population of an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran

Dynamique des taux d’infection à Leishmania chez les populations de Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) dans un foyer endémique de leishmaniose cutanée zoonotique en Iran

  • Epidemiology / Epidémiologie
  • Published:
Bulletin de la Société de pathologie exotique

Abstract

Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) due to Leishmania major is a great public health problem in the Old World. Leishmania major is widely distributed in populations of rodents in arid and savannah regions. In this study, seasonal variation of natural infection with Leishmania parasites in Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) population of an endemic focus of ZCL in Iran was monitored. The study was conducted from October 2007 to October 2008 in the central part of the country. Nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for the detection and identification of Leishmania parasites, and the results were confirmed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The results showed that Leishmania infection rate was 55.8% (29 out of 52 gerbils) using nested PCR. The highest and lowest Leishmania infection rates were observed in fall and summer, respectively. Gerbils that were found to be infected only with L. major were 5.8%, and that with Leishmania turanica were 23.1%. A mixed natural infection was seen in the rodents with L. major and L. turanica (21.2%), with L. major and L. gerbilli (1.9%), and with all the three species (3.9%). Leishmania major infection alone was seen in fall and winter whereas mixed infection of L. major and L. turanica was observed in all seasons except in summer. Leishmania turanica infection was observed throughout the year. It is concluded that L. major, L. gerbilli, and L. turanica circulate in the population of R. opimus in central part of Iran. Leishmania major infection is usually accompanied by L. turanica in naturally infected gerbils with the highest rate in fall. It is recommended that the role of L. turanica in the epidemiology and transmission of ZCL should be reconsidered.

Résumé

La leishmaniose cutanée zoonotique (LCZ) due à Leishmania major constitue un problème de santé publique dans l’ancien monde. L. major est une espèce largement distribuée dans les populations de rongeurs vivant dans les régions arides et de savane. Dans la présente étude, la variation saisonnière de l’infection naturelle par les parasites du genre Leishmania chez la Grande Gerbille Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) au sein d’une population d’un foyer endémique de LCZ en Iran a été contrôlée. L’étude a été menée d’octobre 2007 à octobre 2008 dans la partie centrale de l’Iran. Une PCR nichée a été utilisée pour la détection et l’identification du parasite Leishmania, et les résultats ont été confirmés par PCR-RFLP. Les résultats ont montré que le taux d’infection par Leishmania était de 55,8 % (29 sur 52 animaux) en utilisant la PCR nichée. Les taux d’infection par Leishmania les plus forts et les plus faibles ont été observés, respectivement, en automne et en été; 5,8 % des gerbilles étaient infectées par L. major isolément et 23,1% par L. turanica isolément. Une infection mixte naturelle a été observée chez les rongeurs associant L. major et L. turanica (21,2 %), ou associant L. major et L. gerbilli (1,9 %), ou associant les trois espèces (3,9 %). L’infection due à L. major isolément a été observée en automne et en hiver. Une infection mixte associant L. major et L. turanica a été observée en toutes saisons, sauf en été. L’infection à L. turanica a été observée tout au long de l’année. En conclusion, les trois espèces L. major, L. gerbilli et L. turanica circulent dans la population de R. opimus dans la partie centrale de l’Iran. L. major est habituellement accompagnée par L. turanica chez les gerbilles naturellement infectées avec un plus fort taux en automne. Le rôle de L. turanica dans l’épidémiologie et la transmission de la LCZ devrait être reconsidéré.

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Correspondence to M.R. Yaghoobi-Ershadi.

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Akhavan, A., Yaghoobi-Ershadi, M., Khamesipour, A. et al. Dynamics of Leishmania infection rates in Rhombomys opimus (Rodentia: Gerbillinae) population of an endemic focus of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran. Bull. Soc. Pathol. Exot. 103, 84–89 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-010-0044-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13149-010-0044-1

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