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A current view of molecular dissection in autophagy machinery

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Abstract

Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a highly conserved lysosomal pathway for catabolism of intracellular material in eukaryotic cells. Autophagy is also an essential homeostatic process through which intracellular components are recycled for reuse or energy production. The extremely regulated autophagy process begins with the formation of hallmarked double membrane bound organelles called autophagosomes which in turn fuse with lysosomes called autolysosomes and finally degrade the autophagic cargos. The multistages molecular machinery of autophagy is critically orchestrated by the action of a set of the autophagy proteins (Atg) and a supreme regulator, mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin). However, individual stages of autophagy are mechanistically complex and partially understood. In this review, the individual stages of autophagy are dissected, and the corresponding molecular regulation is discussed in view of current scientific knowledge of autophagy. This understanding of sequential events of autophagy machinery through this review may lead to great interest in the therapeutic potential for manipulating of autophagy in established diseases.

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Acknowledgements

The author gives special thanks to the Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, China, for technical support of this manuscript. The author strongly apologizes to the investigators for not citing here all original publications due to space limitations.

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  1. Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh

    Md. Abdul Alim Al-Bari

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Key points

• Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal pathway in eukaryotic cells.

• Multistages of autophagy are orchestrated by a set of autophagy proteins.

• Regulation of individual stages of autophagy is complex to understand.

• This review may lead to the treatment options for established diseases.

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Al-Bari, M.A.A. A current view of molecular dissection in autophagy machinery. J Physiol Biochem 76, 357–372 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13105-020-00746-0

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