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Growth Kinetics of the Fe2B Coating on AISI H13 Steel

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Abstract

A kinetic model was suggested to study the growth kinetics of Fe2B layers on AISI H13 steel via the pack-boriding method in the temperature range of 1,123–1,273 K. This model was based of the principle of mass conservation at the (Fe2B/substrate) interface where the boride incubation time was independent of the boriding temperature. The model was also validated experimentally by comparing the experimental Fe2B layers thicknesses with the predicted values at 1,173 K during 7 h, 1,223 K during 5 h, 1,253 K during 2 h and 1,273 K for 3 h. The Fe2B layers grown on AISI H13 steel were characterized by use of the following experimental techniques: optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. In addition, a contour diagram describing the evolution of Fe2B layers as a function of the boriding parameters (time and temperature) was proposed. Finally, the boron activation energy for AISI H13 steel was estimated as 233 kJ mol−1 on the basis of our experimental results. This value of energy was compared with the literature data.

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Abbreviations

v:

Boride layer thickness (m)

t v :

Effective growth time of the Fe2B layer (s)

t :

Treatment time (s)

\( t_{0}^{{{\text{Fe}}_{ 2} {\text{B}}}} \) :

Boride incubation time (s)

\( Q_{{{\text{Fe}}_{ 2} {\text{B}}}} \) :

Activation energy of the system (J mol−1)

\( C_{\text{up}}^{{{\text{Fe}}_{ 2} {\text{B}}}} \) :

Upper limit of boron content in Fe2B (=60 × 103 mol m−3)

\( C_{\text{low}}^{{{\text{Fe}}_{ 2} {\text{B}}}} \) :

Lower limit of boron content in Fe2B (=59.8 × 103 mol m−3)

\( C_{\text{ads}}^{\text{B}} \) :

Adsorbed boron concentration in the boride layer (mol m−3)

\( a_{1} = C_{\text{up}}^{{{\text{Fe}}_{ 2} {\text{B}}}} - C_{\text{low}}^{{{\text{Fe}}_{ 2} {\text{B}}}} \) :

Homogeneity range of the Fe2B layer (mol m−3)

\( a_{2} = C_{\text{low}}^{{{\text{Fe}}_{ 2} {\text{B}}}} - C_{0} \) :

Miscibility gap (mol m−3)

C 0 :

Terminal solubility of the interstitial solute (≈0 mol m−3)

\( C_{{{\text{Fe}}_{ 2} {\text{B}}}} [x{\kern 1pt} (t)] \) :

Boron concentration profile in the Fe2B layer (mol m−3)

\( erf\left( {x/2\sqrt {D_{{Fe_{2} B}} t} } \right) \) :

Error function (it has no physical dimensions)

v0 :

Initial Fe2B layer (m)

ɛ :

Normalized growth parameter for the (Fe2B/substrate) interface (it has no physical dimension)

\( D_{{{\text{Fe}}_{ 2} {\text{B}}}} \) :

Diffusion coefficient of boron in the Fe2B phase (m2 s−1 )

J i [x(t)], (with i = Fe2B and Fe):

Fluxes of boron atoms in the (Fe2B/substrate) interface boundary (mol m−2 s−1)

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Acknowledgments

The work described in this paper was supported by a grant of CONACyT and PROMEP México. Also, the authors want to thank Ing. Martín Ortiz Granillo, who is in charge as Director of the Escuela Superior de Ciudad Sahagún which belongs to the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, México and Dr. Alejandro Domínguez, who is Coordinador del Programa para Apoyo a la Publicación de Investigaciones, Dirección de Desarrollo Curricular y Nuevos Productos and Vicerrectoría Académica UNITEC for all the facilities to accomplish this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Technologie des Matériaux, Faculté de Génie Mécanique et Génie des Procédés, USTHB, B.P. No. 32, El-Alia, Bab-Ezzouar, 16111, Algiers, Algeria

    M. Keddam

  2. Escuela Superior Cd. Sahagún, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, UAEH, Carretera Cd. Sahagún-Otumba s/n, 43990, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico

    M. Ortiz-Domínguez, M. Abreu-Quijano & J. Zuno-Silva

  3. Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey-ITESM Campus Santa Fe, Av. Carlos Lazo No. 100, Del. Álvaro Obregón, CP 01389, Mexico, D.F., Mexico

    M. Elias-Espinosa

  4. Instituto de Investigación en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-UNAM, Circuito Exterior, s/n Ciudad Universitaria, CP 04510, Coyoacán, D.F., Mexico

    O. Damián-Mejía

  5. Centro de Investigación en Materiales y Metalurgia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad Universitaria Pachuca-Tulancingo km. 4.5, Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico

    A. Arenas-Flores

  6. Instituto Tecnológico de Tlalnepantla-ITTLA, Av. Instituto Tecnológico, S/N. Col. La Comunidad, CP 54070, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Estado de México, Mexico

    O. A. Gómez-Vargas

  7. Universidad Tecnológica de México, Blvd. Calacoaya No. 7, Col. La Ermita, 52970, Atizapán de Zaragoza, Estado de México, Mexico

    Jorge Iván Aldana-González

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  1. M. Keddam
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  2. M. Ortiz-Domínguez
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  3. M. Elias-Espinosa
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  5. A. Arenas-Flores
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  9. J. Zuno-Silva
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Correspondence to M. Keddam.

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Keddam, M., Ortiz-Domínguez, M., Elias-Espinosa, M. et al. Growth Kinetics of the Fe2B Coating on AISI H13 Steel. Trans Indian Inst Met 68, 433–442 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-014-0472-x

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