Abstract
Ground observation is able to obtain highly accurate data with high temporal resolution at observation points, but these observation points are too sparsely to satisfy the application requirements at regional scale. Satellite remote sensing can frequently supply spatially continuous information on earth surface, which is impossible from ground-based investigations, but remote sensing description is not able to directly obtain process parameters. In fact, in terms of fundamental theorem of surfaces, a surface is uniquely defined by the first fundamental coefficients, about the details of the surface observed when we stay on the surface, and the second fundamental coefficients, the change of the surface observed from outside the surface. A method for high accuracy surface modeling (HASM) has been developed initiatively to find solutions for error problem and slow-speed problem of earth surface modeling since 1986. HASM takes global approximate information (e.g., remote sensing images or model simulation results) as its driving field and local accurate information (e.g., ground observation data and/or sampling data) as its optimum control constraints. Its output satisfies the iteration stopping criterion which is determined by application requirement for accuracy. This paper reviews problems to be solved in every development stage and applications of HASM.
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Acknowledgments
This work is supported by Independent Research Project funded by State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environment Information System, by National Natural Science Foundation of China (91325204), by National High-tech R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2013AA122003), by National Key Technologies R&D Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (2013BACO3B05) and by National Basic Research Priorities Program (2010CB950904) of Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China.
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Yue, TX., Zhang, LL., Zhao, N. et al. A review of recent developments in HASM. Environ Earth Sci 74, 6541–6549 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4489-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4489-1