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Variations of cadmium tolerance and accumulation among 39 Salix clones: implications for phytoextraction

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Abstract

Willows (Salix spp.) show large remediation potential for cadmium (Cd)-contaminated sites, with Cd phytoextraction capacity significantly varying among specie and clone levels. In this study, a relatively large number of willow clones (39 clones) from China were evaluated for the differences in Cd tolerance and accumulation exposed to 10 μM CdCl2 by hydroponic system for 35 days. The clones showed a wide variation of biomass accumulation ranging from growth inhibition to stimulation. Shoot tolerance indexes (TIs) varied between 0.09 and 1.85, and root TIs varied between 0.27 and 1.99 among clones. The large differences in Cd concentration (μg g−1 dry weight, DW) ranged from 64.7 to 663.7 in leaves, from 118.0 to 308.4 in stems, and from 163.9 to 1,426.4 in roots among clones. Leaf translocation factors (TFs) differed from 0.09 to 1.72 and shoot TFs differed from 0.15 to 1.08. Total Cd content of shoots (including leaves and stems) varied between 29.8 and 2,726.52 μg plant−1 DW among clones. With respect to TIs, TFs, Cd concentration, and shoot Cd content, the five clones showed higher Cd phytoextraction potential than the other clones. The results support that the selection of willows with enhanced phytoremediation efficiency should be concentrated on the clone level.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31100513), the Key International Cooperative Project of CN-USA (Grant No. 2010DFB33960), the Key Project from Zhejiang Science and Technology Bureau (Grant No. 2011C13015), the Key Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2012BAC17B02) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. We thank Zhang Huaxian for providing excellent technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Weidong Yang, Fengliang Zhao, Xincheng Zhang, Zheli Ding, Yuyan Wang, Zhiqiang Zhu & Xiaoe Yang

  2. Ministry of Agriculture Danzhou Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-Environment, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Danzhou, 571737, China

    Fengliang Zhao

  3. Haikou Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS), Haikou, 570102, China

    Zheli Ding

  4. College of Agriculture, Hainan University, Renmin Road 58, Haikou, 570228, China

    Zhiqiang Zhu

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  1. Weidong Yang
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  7. Xiaoe Yang
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Correspondence to Xiaoe Yang.

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Yang, W., Zhao, F., Zhang, X. et al. Variations of cadmium tolerance and accumulation among 39 Salix clones: implications for phytoextraction. Environ Earth Sci 73, 3263–3274 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3636-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3636-4

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