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Experimental investigation into the sealing capability of naturally fractured shale caprocks to supercritical carbon dioxide flow

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Abstract

Geological storage of CO2 is considered a solution for reducing the excess CO2 released into the atmosphere. Low permeability caprocks physically trap CO2 injected into underlying porous reservoirs. Injection leads to increasing pore pressure and reduced effective stress, increasing the likelihood of exceeding the capillary entry pressure of the caprocks and of caprock fracturing. Assessing on how the different phases of CO2 flow through caprock matrix and fractures is important for assessing CO2 storage security. Fractures are considered to represent preferential flow paths in the caprock for the escape of CO2. Here we present a new experimental rig which allows 38 mm diameter fractured caprock samples recovered from depths of up to 4 km to be exposed to supercritical CO2 (scCO2) under in situ conditions of pressure, temperature and geochemistry. In contrast to expectations, the results indicate that scCO2 will not flow through tight natural caprock fractures, even with a differential pressure across the fractured sample in excess of 51 MPa. However, below the critical point where CO2 enters its gas phase, the CO2 flows readily through the caprock fractures. This indicates the possibility of a critical threshold of fracture aperture size which controls CO2 flow along the fracture.

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Acknowledgments

The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under the grant agreement No. 227286 MUSTANG–A Multiple Space and Time scale Approach for the quaNtification of deep saline formations for CO2 storaGe and from the Scottish Funding Council for the Joint Research Institute with the Heriot-Watt University which is part of the Edinburgh Research Partnership in Engineering and Mathematics (ERPem). We would like to acknowledge the generous support of Marathon Oil UK Ltd for providing the Kimmeridge Clay caprock samples.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Edinburgh Collaborative of Subsurface Science and Engineering (ECOSSE), School of Geoscience, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JW, UK

    K. Edlmann, S. Haszeldine & C. I. McDermott

  2. Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Erskine Williamson Building, The King’s Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JZ, UK

    C. I. McDermott

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  1. K. Edlmann
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  2. S. Haszeldine
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Correspondence to K. Edlmann.

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Edlmann, K., Haszeldine, S. & McDermott, C.I. Experimental investigation into the sealing capability of naturally fractured shale caprocks to supercritical carbon dioxide flow. Environ Earth Sci 70, 3393–3409 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2407-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-013-2407-y

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