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Tracing the sources of strontium in karst groundwater in Chongqing, China: a combined hydrogeochemical approach and strontium isotope

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Abstract

Groundwater quality in karst regions is largely controlled by natural processes and anthropogenic activities. Over the past 10 years, dissolved Sr and its radiogenic isotope, 87Sr/86Sr, were widely used to trace the sources of solutes in groundwater. However, there is little research about hydrogeochemistry and Sr isotopic compositions of the karst groundwater in Chongqing karst area. In this paper, thirty-five representative karst groundwater samples were collected from different aquifers (limestone and dolomite) and various land use types. Hydrochemical types of karst groundwater in Chongqing were mainly of the Ca-HCO3 type or Ca(Mg)-HCO3 type. The dissolved Sr concentrations of the studied groundwater ranged from 0.57 to 15.06 μmmol/L, and the 87Sr/86Sr varied from 0.70751 to 0.71627. The groundwater samples from different aquifers and land use types showed distinctive dissolved Sr concentrations and 87Sr/86Sr. The very positive relationship between Ca/Sr and Mg/Sr in dolomite and limestone aquifers suggests that Ca, Mg and Sr element come mainly from the release of carbonate rock under the groundwater–rock–CO2 gas interaction. According to the 87Sr/86Sr ratio, the Sr element in karst groundwater in Chongqing was controlled by the weathering of limestone, dolomite and silicate rock (allogenic water in a non-karst area). The relationship 87Sr/86Sr versus Sr2+/[K+ + Na+] shows that the anthropogenic inputs also obviously contribute to the Sr contents. The research results show that the karst groundwater in Chongqing is facing serious crisis of water quality, and needs to be protected further.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing, CSTC (No.CSTC2010BC7004), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No:41072192), the Special Fund for Public Benefit Scientific Research of Ministry of Land and Resources of China (201111022), the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation Project (2012GXNSFBA053137) and IGCP/SIDA 598 Project. Thanks are given to Yongjun Jiang, Qiong Xiao, Pengfei Gou, Jianjun Yin, Xingbo Zhang for their help with the field sampling and in the laboratory. We also sincerely thank the two anonymous reviewers, the editors and Dr. Thierry Bussard for their valuable comments and language modifications, which greatly improved the original manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Karst Dynamics Laboratory, Institute of Karst Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Guilin, 541004, China

    Junbing Pu, Daoxian Yuan, Cheng Zhang & Heping Zhao

  2. International Research Center on Karst Under the Auspices of UNESCO, Guilin, 541004, China

    Junbing Pu, Daoxian Yuan & Cheng Zhang

  3. School of Geographical Sciences, Institute of Karst Environment and Rock Desertification Control, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

    Daoxian Yuan

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  1. Junbing Pu
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Correspondence to Junbing Pu.

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Pu, J., Yuan, D., Zhang, C. et al. Tracing the sources of strontium in karst groundwater in Chongqing, China: a combined hydrogeochemical approach and strontium isotope. Environ Earth Sci 67, 2371–2381 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1683-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-012-1683-2

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