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Review on Conversion of Lignin Waste into Value-Added Resources in Tropical Countries

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Abstract

The potential of lignin is huge mainly in refining into biofuels and useful chemicals. Tropical countries have large reserve of biomass; however, lignin is underutilized. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate the lignin potential from biomass and current utilization level in tropical countries such as Brazil, Africa, and Southeast Asia. This paper relevant information is derived from multiple sources, included papers from ISI and Scopus indexed journals, international databases, and online patent search engine. In short, Brazil, has the largest lignin potential, mainly from sugarcane industry, and the highest lignin utilization level at TRL8. Africa had limited information and the least reported amount of studies on biomass available in the studied regions. Southeast Asia countries have oil palm and sugarcane as their largest lignin sources, and a TRL4 lignin utilization level. In Malaysia, oil palm refinery residues are the largest sources of lignin, which are readily to be extracted and processed into value-added products. Lignin utilization industry is also supported by some government policies. In this case, integrated biorefinery is a promising approach in achieving feasible conversion and utilization of lignin in Malaysia, where it adds value to various agricultures wastes produced, while also reducing the waste disposal problems.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the funding from the Minister of Higher Education, Malaysia under HiCoE grant (Cost centre: 015MA0-052) and ASEAN Science, Techology and Innovation Fund (ASTIF) (Cost centre: 015ME0-058).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. HiCOE-Center for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia

    Huei Yeong Lim, Suzana Yusup, Adrian Chun Minh Loy, Shafirah Samsuri, Sarah Siew Kheng Ho & Aida Syafiqah Abdul Manaf

  2. School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China

    Su Shiung Lam

  3. Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, School of Ocean Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

    Su Shiung Lam

  4. China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Lingang, China

    Su Shiung Lam

  5. Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University Malaysia, Miri, Malaysia

    Bridgid Lai Fui Chin

  6. Department of Forest Products and Paper Science, University of Philippine Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines

    Menandro N. Acda

  7. National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Klong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand

    Pornkamol Unrean

  8. Resilience Development Initiative, Bandung, Indonesia

    Elisabeth Rianawati

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  1. Huei Yeong Lim
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Correspondence to Suzana Yusup.

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Lim, H.Y., Yusup, S., Loy, A.C.M. et al. Review on Conversion of Lignin Waste into Value-Added Resources in Tropical Countries. Waste Biomass Valor 12, 5285–5302 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01307-8

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