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Nutritional and Structural Role of Silicon in Attenuating Aluminum Toxicity in Sugarcane Plants

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Abstract

Purpose

We investigated the interactive role of Si-mediated attenuation to aluminum (Al) toxicity in two sugarcane cultivars (‘CTC9002’ and ‘CTC9003’) grown in hydroponic conditions.

Methods

Two pot experiments were distributed in randomized blocks in a factorial design (4 × 2) with four replications. The treatments consisted of 0, 10, 15, and 20 mg L−1 Al (as aluminum sulfate [Al2 (SO4)3·18H2O)], which were combined with the absence and presence of Si [(2.0 mmol L−1 as potassium silicate (K2SiO3)].

Results

Both sugarcane cultivars (‘CTC9002’ and ‘CTC9003’) were affected by Al toxicity (above 10 mg L−1), resulting in nutritional disorders and decreasing plant growth, which were drastically reversed by Si addition in the growth medium. Si supplementation decrease Al concentration and translocation to the shoots of both cultivars when Al and Si were simultaneously supplied in the growth medium. We demonstrated that in shoots of both sugarcane seedlings, Si concentration are positively related to the lignin concentrations (ranging from 12.0% to 41% in cv. ‘CTC9002’ and 12% to 47% in cv. ‘CTC9003’). In addition, Si fertilization enhanced mineral nutrition and use efficiency of macros- and micronutrients, irrespective of the cultivar. Therefore, the use of cultivar ‘CTC9003’ under Si fertilization is more recommended to cope with the adverse effect caused by Al stress.

Conclusions

The findings of this study suggest that Si fertilization in sugarcane seedlings is an economic and viable strategy strongly recommended to cope with the adverse effect caused by Al toxicity at concentrations less than 20 mg L−1, which lead to increase the shoot biomass production.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES) (Finance Code 001). We would also like to thank São Paulo State University—UNESP, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences—FCAV, for providing the facilities necessary for this research.

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Funding

The project was financially supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brazil (CAPES) – Brazil [Finance Code 001].

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, P. C. 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil

    Gilmar da Silveira Sousa Junior & Durvalina Maria Mathias dos Santos

  2. Department of Agricultural Sciences – Soil and Fertilizer Sector. School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, P. C. 14884-900, Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil

    Alexander Calero Hurtado, Jonas Pereira de Souza Junior & Renato de Mello Prado

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  1. Gilmar da Silveira Sousa Junior
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  4. Renato de Mello Prado
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Contributions

DMMS and GSSJ designed the idea and planned the experiments. GSSJ and JPSJ conducted the experiments. GSSJ, DMMS, JPSJ, and ACH helped conduct parts of the experiments and analyses. DMMS, RMP, and JPSJ contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. JPSJ assisted with the management and analysis of Si. GSSJ and ACH carried out the statistical analysis. GSSJ, DMMS, RMP, and ACH contributed to data interpretation and validation. GSSJ acquired funding. ACH and GSSJ wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and all authors contributed to the editing of the manuscript. All the authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Gilmar da Silveira Sousa Junior.

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Sousa Junior, G.d., Calero Hurtado, A., de Souza Junior, J.P. et al. Nutritional and Structural Role of Silicon in Attenuating Aluminum Toxicity in Sugarcane Plants. Silicon 14, 5041–5055 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01294-y

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