Abstract
The aim of the present study is to assess the suitability of some waste kaolinitic sand as grog for bricks and concretes. Three samples were selected and their chemical and mineralogical compositions as well as their ceramic and mechanical properties were investigated. The solid phase composition as well as the microstructure of the vitrified samples was also carried out using XRD and SEM methods. Refractoriness under load and thermal shock resistance are also investigated. Chemical and phase composition confirm that two samples (1 and 2) are fireclay with total impurities oxide contents (TIOC) less than 3.0 % while the third is mainly silica with TIOC less than 0.5 %. The microstructure of samples 1 and 2 shows predominant mullite crystals, bonded by silicate phases as confirmed by XRD, whereas silica phases are the main components of the third sample with minor intercalation of mullite phase. It is concluded that samples 1 and 2 fired at 1500 ◦C can be used as grog for brick and concrete manufacture in industrial furnaces up to 1400 °C while sample 3 needs some additives to form denser grains.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Shaw K (1972) Refractories and their uses. Applied Science Publishers, London
Chesters JH (1973) Refractories: production and properties. Iron and steel institute, London
Chesters JH (1974) Steel plant refractories. Iron and Steel Institute, London
Kingrey WD, Bown H, Uhlamann DR (1976) Introduction to ceramics, 2nd edn. Jhon Wiley and Sons, New York
Grim RE (1962) Applied clay mineralogy. Mc Graw- Hill Book Co. Inc., New York
Grim RE (1968) Clay Mineralogy, 2nd edn. Mc Graw Hill Book Co., Inc, New York
Konta J (1979) Properties of Ceramic Raw Materials. Monograph 1.1.4. in Ceramic Monographs: Handbook of Ceramics, Verlag Shmid GmbH, Freibergi. Brg
Carniglia SC, Barna GL (1992) Handbook of industrial refractories technology. Noyes Publications, New Jersy
Schacht CA (2004) Refractories Handbook. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York-Basel
Routschka G (ed) (2004) Pocket manual of refractories, 2nd edn. Vulkan-Verlag, Essen
Hegab OA, Serry MA, Kara M, Abu-Sabara M (1992) Suitability of Some kaolins from Western–Central Sinai for Use in Ceramics and Paper Industries. In: Proc. Symp., Egypt. Geol. Survey and Mining Projects Authority, Cairo, Egypt, pp 5–22
Serry MA, El-Maghraby MS (2006) Egyptian refractory raw materials. A Review Industrial Ceramics 26 (1):37–51
Serry MA (2008) Assessment of the Egyptian clayey deposits for ceramic industries. A review paper. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. (On Line) 87(1):9101–9109
Serry MA (2013) Assessment of Egyptian raw and waste materials for refractory ceramics. A Review Paper Interceram Reractories Manual 62(3):192–196
Serry MA, El-Maghraby MS, Salama SZ (2006) Assessment of Egyptian shaped alumino-silicate refractories from Egyptian raw materials. Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull. (On Line) 85(9):9201–9206
Said R (1990) The geology of Egypt, 2nd edn. A. A. Balkeema publishers, Rotterdam
Abdallah AM, Darwish M, El-Aref M, Helba AA (1992) Lithostratigraphy of the Pre-Cenomanian clastics of North Wadi Qena, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Geol. Arab World, Cairo Univ.
Said R (1971) Explanatory note to accompany the geological map of Egypt. Geol. Surv. Egypt 56:123
Issawi B, Jux U (1982) Contributions to the stratigraphy of the Paleozoic rocks in Egypt. Geol. Surv. Egypt 64:28
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Elmaghraby, M.S., Ismail, A.I.M. Utilization of Some Egyptian Waste Kaolinitic Sand as Grog for Bricks and Concrete. Silicon 8, 299–307 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-015-9333-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-015-9333-4