Abstract
Based on the first-principles plane wave pseudo-potential method, the electronic structure and electrochemical performance of Li x Sn4Sb4 (x=2, 4, 6, and 8) and Li x Sn1−x Sb4 (x=9, 10, 11, and 12) phases were calculated. A Sn-Sb thin film on a Cu foil was also prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The surface morphology, composition, and lithium intercalation/extraction behavior of the fabricated film were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Lithium atoms can easily insert into and extract out of the β-SnSb cell due to the low lithium intercalation formation energy. It is found that lithium atoms first occupy the interstitial sites, and then Sn atoms at the lattice positions are replaced by excessive lithium. The dissociative Sn atoms continue to produce different Li-Sn phases, which will affect the electrode stability and lead to the undesirable effect due to their large volume expansion ratio. The calculated lithium intercalation potential is stable at about 0.7 V, which is consistent with the experimental result.
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This work was financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (No.50771046) and the Educational Commission of Guangdong Province, China (No.C10179).]
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Ru, Q., Tian, Q., Hu, Sj. et al. Lithium intercalation mechanism for β-SnSb in Sn-Sb thin films. Int J Miner Metall Mater 18, 216–222 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-011-0425-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-011-0425-x