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Associations of protein intake and protein source with bone mineral density and fracture risk: A population-based cohort study

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The journal of nutrition, health & aging

Abstract

High dietary protein has been hypothesized to cause lower bone mineral density (BMD) and greater fracture risk. Previous results are conflicting and few studies have assessed potential differences related to differing protein sources.

Participants/Measures

Protein intake was assessed as percent of total energy intake (TEI) at Year 2 (1997-99) using a food frequency questionnaire (N=6510). Participants were contacted annually to ascertain incident fracture. Total hip and lumbar spine BMD was measured at baseline and Year 5. Analyses were stratified by group (men 25-49 y, men 50+ y, premenopausal women 25-49 y, and postmenopausal women 50+ y) and adjusted for major confounders. Fracture analyses were limited to those 50+ y.

Results

Intakes of dairy protein (with adjustment for BMI) were positively associated with total hip BMD among men and women aged 50+ y, and in men aged 25-49. Among adults aged 50+ y, those with protein intakes of <12% TEI (women) and <11% TEI (men) had increased fracture risk compared to those with intakes of 15% TEI. Fracture risk did not significantly change as intake increased above 15% TEI, and was not significantly associated with protein source. Conclusions: In contrast to hypothesized risk of high protein, we found that for adults 50+ y, low protein intake (below 15% TEI) may lead to increased fracture risk. Source of protein was a determinant of BMD, but not fracture risk.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. CaMos National Coordinating Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada

    L. Langsetmo & C. Berger

  2. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    S. I. Barr & J. C. Prior

  3. University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    N. Kreiger & R. G. Josse

  4. McGill University, Montreal, Canada

    E. Rahme & David Goltzman

  5. McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada

    J. D. Adachi & A. Papaioannou

  6. Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada

    S. M. Kaiser

  7. University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada

    D. A. Hanley

  8. Memorial University, St John’s, Canada

    C. S. Kovacs

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  1. L. Langsetmo
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  2. S. I. Barr
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  3. C. Berger
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  4. N. Kreiger
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  5. E. Rahme
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  10. D. A. Hanley
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  11. C. S. Kovacs
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The CaMos Research Group

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Correspondence to David Goltzman.

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Langsetmo, L., Barr, S.I., Berger, C. et al. Associations of protein intake and protein source with bone mineral density and fracture risk: A population-based cohort study. J Nutr Health Aging 19, 861–868 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-015-0544-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-015-0544-6

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