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Cognitive impairment, genomic instability and trace elements

  • Published:
The journal of nutrition, health & aging

Abstract

Cognitive impairments are often related to aging and micronutrient deficiencies. Various essential micronutrients in the diet are involved in age-altered biological functions such as, zinc, copper, iron, and selenium that play pivotal roles either in maintaining and reinforcing the antioxidant performances or in affecting the complex network of genes (nutrigenomic approach) involved in encoding proteins for biological functions. Genomic stability is one of the leading causes of cognitive decline and deficiencies or excess in trace elements are two of the factors relating to it. In this review, we report and discuss the role of micronutrients in cognitive impairment in relation to genomic stability in an aging population. Telomere integrity will also be discussed in relation to aging and cognitive impairment, as well as, the micronutrients related to these events. This review will provide an understanding on how these three aspects can relate with each other and why it is important to keep a homeostasis of micronutrients in relation to healthy aging. Micronutrient deficiencies and aging process can lead to genomic instability.

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Abbreviations

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SOD:

superoxide dismutase

GSH:

Glutathione

MDA:

malondialdehyde

RBC:

red blood cell

MCI:

mild cognitive impairment

AD:

Alzheimer disease

MMSE:

mini mental state examination

GDS:

Geriatric Depression Scale

PPS:

Perceived Stress Scale

FFQ:

Frequency Food Questionnaire

EAAS:

Electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry

AAS:

Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer

ADAS-cog:

Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale

Pb:

Plumbum

Ca:

Calcium

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Programme of Biomedical Science, School of Diagnostic and Applied Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia

    A. Meramat & N. F. Rajab

  2. Programme of Dietetics, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia

    S. Shahar

  3. Programme of Nutritional Science, School of Healthcare Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia

    Razinah Sharif

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  1. A. Meramat
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  2. N. F. Rajab
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  3. S. Shahar
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  4. Razinah Sharif
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Correspondence to Razinah Sharif.

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Meramat, A., Rajab, N.F., Shahar, S. et al. Cognitive impairment, genomic instability and trace elements. J Nutr Health Aging 19, 48–57 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-014-0489-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-014-0489-1

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