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Characterization of Riboflavin-Producing Strains of Lactobacillus plantarum as Potential Probiotic Candidate through in vitro Assessment and Principal Component Analysis

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Abstract

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are known for their probiotic properties, but only a few strains produce riboflavin. We evaluated the probiotic properties of four riboflavin-producing strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (BBC33, BBC32A, BIF43, and BBC32B) by using in vitro assessment and carried out multivariate principal component analysis (PCA) to select the best strain. Safety, antioxidant, and exopolysaccharide-producing properties were also studied. Lact. plantarum BBC33 showed better probiotic potential, followed by strain BIF43. Lact. plantarum BBC32A degraded mucin and excluded as a potential probiotic candidate. Lact. plantarum BIF43, BBC33, and BBC32A tolerated simulated gastrointestinal conditions and their overnight cell-free culture supernatants (CFSs, pH 4.0–4.3) inhibited the growth of Escherichia coli AF10, Salmonella Typhi MTCC98, Bacillus cereus NCDC250, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCDC105. Lact. plantarum BIF43 and BBC33 did not degrade mucin, adhered to human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells (22–25%), and aggregated with indicators (30–50%). Moreover, both were non-hemolytic and sensitive to most antibiotics tested. Of the two selected strains, BIF43 showed better exopolysaccharides (EPS) producing phenotype. The CFSs of all strains showed high (85–93%) 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity. PCA confirmed the results obtained from in vitro probiotic experiments and supported the selection of Lact. plantarum BIF33 and BBC43, as potential probiotics.

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Acknowledgments

Support of Dr. Rajiv Kapila, Principal Scientist, NDRI, Karnal for Caco-2 cell experiment, technical support of Mr. Rishi Bhatia in Microbiology lab, NIFTEM and Dr. Vikas, FBM Dept., NIFTEM for PCA analysis is acknowledged.

Funding

Department of Science and Technology, India [grant # DST/INT/South Africa/P-15/2016] supported this work under Indo-South African collaboration.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Basic and Applied Sciences, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Kundli, Sonipat, 131028, India

    Bharat Bhushan, Sumit M. Sakhare, Kapil Singh Narayan, Mamta Kumari & Vijendra Mishra

  2. Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa

    Leon M. T. Dicks

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  1. Bharat Bhushan
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BB contributed in study conception and design, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of manuscript, critical revision; SMS carried out acquisition and analysis of data; KNS and MK contributed in analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision; VM contributed to study conception and design, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of manuscript, critical revision; LMTD contributed to study design, analysis and interpretation of data, critical revision.

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Correspondence to Vijendra Mishra.

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Bhushan, B., Sakhare, S.M., Narayan, K.S. et al. Characterization of Riboflavin-Producing Strains of Lactobacillus plantarum as Potential Probiotic Candidate through in vitro Assessment and Principal Component Analysis. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 13, 453–467 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-020-09696-x

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