Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Microstructure and properties of microarc oxidation coating formed on aluminum alloy with compound additives nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO

  • Published:
Rare Metals Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this work, microarc oxidation (MAO) technology was used to form oxide ceramic coating on the surface of aluminum alloy. The combined additives nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO were added into the silicate electrolyte, and the effect of the compound nano-additive on microstructure and properties of MAO coating was investigated. The results show that compared with those of the nano-additive-free coating formed on aluminum alloy, the thickness, hardness, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the nano-additive-containing coating are obviously improved. The surface of coating with nano-additive becomes smooth, dense, and there are less porosities and microcracks. Moreover, the content of crystal phase α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3 increases visibly on the nano-additive-containing MAO coatings, and new phases Al3Ti and Zn0.6Ti0.4 are detected in the coatings, which are mainly contributed to the excellent corrosion resistance and abrasion resistance of the film. When the contents of nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO are, respectively, 4 and 2 g·L−1, the film has better comprehensive performance, the thickness and hardness of the film could reach 52 μm and HV 692, respectively.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Zhu ZF. Anodic Oxidation and Surface Treatment Technology of Aluminum Alloy. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press; 2011. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Regone NN, Freire CMA, Ballester M. Al-based anodic oxide films structure observation using field emission gun scanning electron microscopy. J Mater Process Technol. 2006;172(1):146.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Wang KL, Zhang QB, Sun ML, Wei XG, Zhu YM. Microstructure and corrosion resistance of laser clad coatings with rare earth elements. Corros Sci. 2001;43(2):255.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Sharma SP, Dwivedi DK, Jain PK. Effect of La2O3 addition on the microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear behavior of flame sprayed Ni based coatings. Wear. 2009;267(5–8):853.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Qu L, Li M, Liu M, Zhang E, Ma C. Microstructure and corrosion resistance of ultrasonic micro-arc oxidation biocoatings on magnesium alloy. J Adv Ceram. 2013;2(3):227.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Zheng HY, Wang YK, Li BS, Han GR. Effect of Na2WO4 on properties of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings on aluminum alloy. J Zhejiang Univ. 2005;59(2–3):139.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Jiang BL, Zhao RB, Liang G, Li JM, Yuan F. Effect of Na2WO4 on properties of micro-arc oxidation (MAO) ceramic coatings and wear resistance of aluminum alloy. Mater Rev. 2006;20(9):155.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Yan SF, Liu XD, Chen WD, Wang ZG, Fan XJ, Xu ZG. Characteristics of coating on surface of ZrH1.8 prepared by MAO in different electrolyte systems. Chin J Rare Met. 2014;38(4):646.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Yu X, Cao C, Yao Z, Zhou D, Yin Z. Corrosion behavior of rare earth metal (REM) conversion coatings on aluminum alloy LY12. Mater Sci Eng, A. 2000;284(1–2):56.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kurze P, Krysmann W, Schneider HG. Application fields of ANOF layers and composites. Cryst Res Technol. 1986;21(12):1603.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Liu Y, Xu J, Gao Y, Yuan Y, Gao C. Influences of additive on the formation and corrosion resistance of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings on aluminum alloy. Phys Proce. 2012;32(33):107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Yerokhin AL, Nie X, Leyland A, Matthews A, Dowey SJ. Plasma electrolysis for surface engineering. Surf Coat Technol. 1999;122(2–3):73.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Boguta DL, Rudnev VS, Yarovaya TP, Kaidalova TA, Gordienko PS. On composition of anodic-spark coatings formed on aluminum alloys in electrolytes with polyphosphate complexes of metals. Russ J Appl Chem. 2002;75(10):1605.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yerokhin AL, Leyland A, Matthews A. Kinetic aspects of aluminium titanate layer formation on titanium alloys by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Appl Surf Sci. 2002;200(1–4):172.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Curran JA, Clyne TW. Porosity in plasma electrolytic oxide coatings. Acta Mater. 2006;54(7):1985.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Blawert C, Heitmann V, Dietzel W, Nykyforchyn HM, Klapkiv MD. Influence of electrolyte on corrosion properties of plasma electrolytic conversion coated magnesium alloys. Surf Coat Technol. 2007;201(21):8709.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Laleh M, Rouhaghdam AS, Shahrabi T, Shanghi A. Effect of alumina sol addition to micro-arc oxidation electrolyte on the properties of MAO coatings formed on magnesium alloy AZ91D. J Alloy Compd. 2010;496(496):548.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Bayati MR, Golestani-Fard F, Moshfegh AZ. The effect of growth parameters on photo-catalytic performance of the MAO-synthesized TiO2, nano-porous layers. Mater Chem Phys. 2010;120(2–3):582.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Shen D, Cai J, Li G, He D, Wu L. Effect of ultrasonic on microstructure and growth characteristics of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings on 6061 aluminum alloy. Vacuum. 2014;99(1):143.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Huan C, Guang C. Investigation of morphology and composition of plasma electrolytic oxidation coatings in systems of Na2SiO3-NaOH and (NaPO3)6-NaOH. J Mater Process Technol. 2007;182(1–3):28.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Wang Y, Jiang B, Lei T, Guo L. Dependence of growth features of microarc oxidation coatings of titanium alloy on control modes of alternate pulse. Mater Lett. 2004;58(12–13):1907.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Yang X, He Y, Wang D, Gao W. Cathodic micro-arc electrodeposition of thick ceramic coatings. Electrochem Solid-State Lett. 2002;5(3):C33.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Guo D, Xue L, Zu F. Phase composition, morphology and element contents of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy under different calcination conditions. Rare Met. 2016;35(11):837.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Xue WB, Wang C, Li YL, Deng ZW, Chen RY, Zhang TH. Effect of micro-arc discharge surface treatment on the tensile properties of Al–Cu–Mg alloy. Mater Lett. 2002;56(5):737.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang Y, Liu Y. Effects of current density on the microstructure and the corrosion resistance of alumina coatings embedded with SiC nano-particles produced by micro-arc oxidation. J Mater Sci Technol. 2010;26(11):1016.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Xiang N, Song RG, Zhao J, Hai L, Wang C. Microstructure and mechanical properties of ceramic coatings formed on 6063 aluminium alloy by micro-arc oxidation. Trans Nonferrous Meta Soc China. 2015;25(10):3323.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Huang D, Zhang XY, Wu DF, Zhou XS. Effect of rare erath(RE) additives on performances of micro-arc oxidation coatings formed on aluminum alloy. In: Proceedings of International Forum on Materials Analysis and Testing Technology (Advanced Materials Research). Qingdao. 2013:140.

  28. Javidi M, Fadaee H. Plasma electrolytic oxidation of 2024-T3 aluminum alloy and investigation on microstructure and wear behavior. Appl Surf Sci. 2013;286(6):212.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Stojadinovic S, Vasilic R, Belca I, Petkovic M, Kasalica B. Characterization of the plasma electrolytic oxidation of aluminium in sodium tungstate. Corros Sci. 2010;52(10):3258.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Dittrich KH, Krysmann W, Kurze P, Schneider HG. Structure and properties of ANOF Layers. Cryst Res Technol. 1984;19(1):93.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Guo QQ, Jiang BL, Li JP, Li JM, Xia F, Guo YC, Li GH, Yang Z, Wang YH. Corrosion resistance of the ceramic coating on a cast Al-14Si-5Cu-3Ni-1Mg alloy formed by micro-arc oxidation. Spec Cast Nonferrous Alloys. 2008;7:557.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Cai J, Cao F, Chang L, Zheng J, Zhang J. The preparation and corrosion behaviors of MAO coating on AZ91D with rare earth conversion precursor film. Appl Surf Sci. 2011;257(8):3804.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Yan Y, Han Y, Li D, Huang J, Lian Q. Effect of NaAlO2 concentrations on microstructure and corrosion resistance of Al2O3/ZrO2 coatings formed on zirconium by micro-arc oxidation. Appl Surf Sci. 2010;256(21):6359.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Yang W, Jiang BL, Xian LY, Shi HY. Action mechanism of solutions on forming process of microarc oxidation coatings on aluminium alloy. Chin J Nonferrous Meta. 2009;19(3):464.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Xue WB, Deng ZW, Lai YC, Chen RY. Analysis of phase distribution for ceramic coatings formed by microarc oxidation on aluminum alloy. J Am Ceram Soc. 1998;81(5):1365.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Zhao JH, Zhang ZW, Wang ZH. Structure and corrosion resistance of composite ceramic coating prepared by EASP/MAO on AZ91D magnesium alloy. Chin J Rare Meta. 2013;37(4):549.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Hao GD, Hao XL, Zhu ZF. Phase composition, morphology and element contents of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings on Ti–6Al–4V alloy under different calcination conditions. Rare Met. 2016;35(11):836.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Xue WB, Deng ZW, Lai YC. Review of microarc oxidation technique on surface of non-ferrous metals. Heat Treat Met. 2000;1:1.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Erarslan Y. Wear performance of in situ aluminum matrix composite after micro-arc oxidation. Trans Nonferrous Meta Soc China. 2013;23(2):347.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Zhou XS, Zhang XY, Wu DF. Effects of nano-SiO2 in electrolytes on surface properties of micro-arc oxidation ceramic coatings formed on new casting aluminum alloy. Adv Mater Res. 2012;581–582(1):368.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the International Technology Cooperation Plan in Guizhou Province (No.2012-7001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials and Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China

    Ting-Yi Lin, Xiao-Yan Zhang, Xin Huang, Xiang-Peng Gong, Jun-Jie Zhang & Xie-Jun Hu

Authors
  1. Ting-Yi Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Xiao-Yan Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Xin Huang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Xiang-Peng Gong
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Jun-Jie Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Xie-Jun Hu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiao-Yan Zhang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lin, TY., Zhang, XY., Huang, X. et al. Microstructure and properties of microarc oxidation coating formed on aluminum alloy with compound additives nano-TiO2 and nano-ZnO. Rare Met. 37, 976–982 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-017-0948-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-017-0948-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation